chapter 7

Question 1

irivenza patemic

Answer 1

a seaport in E Georgia, near the mouth of the Savannah River

Question 2

plateau

Answer 2

a land area having a relatively level surface considerably raised above adjoining land on at least one side, and often cut by deep canyons

Question 3

sahara desert

Answer 3

The Sahara (Arabic: الصحراء الكبرى‎‎, al-ṣaḥrāʾ al-kubrā , ‘the Greatest Desert’) is the largest hot desert in the world, and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic.[1] Its area of 9,200,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi)[2] is comparable to the area of the United States.

Question 4

bantu

Answer 4

a member of any of several peoples forming a linguistically and in some respects culturally interrelated family in central and southern Africa.

Question 5

swahili

Answer 5

a member of a Bantu people of Zanzibar and the neighboring coast of Africa.

Question 6

subsistence farming

Answer 6

farming whose products are intended to provide for the basic needs of the farmer, with little surplus for marketing

Question 7

mansa musa

Answer 7

(maenmän saesä) , mo͞o sae, sä died 1337 Ruler of (the–mali). Empire 1312, 37 a muslim He brought the mali empire to. Its greatest height During his reign timbuktu became A center of muslim. culture and scholarship

Question 8

ghana

Answer 8

1.
a republic in West Africa comprising the former colonies of the Gold Coast and Ashanti, the protectorate of the Northern Territories, and the U.N. trusteeship of British Togoland: member of the Commonwealth of Nations since 1957. 91,843 sq. mi. (237,873 sq. km).
Capital: Accra

Question 9

mali

Answer 9

1.
Republic of, a republic in W Africa: formerly a territory of France; gained independence 1960. 463,500 sq. mi. (120,000 sq. km).
Capital: Bamako

Question 10

zimbabwe

Answer 10

Formerly Southern Rhodesia, Rhodesia. a republic in S Africa: a former British colony and part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland; gained independence 1980. 150,330 sq. mi. (389,362 sq. km).
Capital: Harare

Question 11

timbuktu

Answer 11

a town in central Mali, W Africa, near the Niger River.

French Tombouctou.

Question 12

mohammed

Answer 12

(“the Conqueror”) 1430–81, sultan of Turkey 1451–81: conqueror of Constantinople 1453

Question 13

askia

Answer 13

Askia the Great, also known as Muhammad Ture, was a Soninke king of the Songhai Empire in the late 15th century. Askia Muhammad strengthened his country and made it the largest country in West Africa ‘s history

Question 14

sonni ali

Answer 14

Sonni Ali, also known as Sunni Ali Ber or “Sunni Ali”, was born Ali Kolon. He reigned from about 1464 to 1492. Sunni Ali was the first king of the Songhai Empire, located in west Africa and the 15th ruler of the Sonni dynasty

Question 15

matrilineal

Answer 15

matrilineal-based on or tracing descent through the female line; “matrilineal inheritance”. matrilinear. lineal, direct-in a straight unbroken line of descent from parent to child; “lineal ancestors”; “lineal heirs”; “a direct descendant of the king”; “direct heredity”. Translations.

Question 16

oral traditions

Answer 16

Oral tradition and oral lore is cultural material and tradition transmitted orally from one generation to another. The messages or testimony are verbally transmitted in speech or song and may take the form, for example, of folktales, sayings, ballads, songs, or chants

Question 17

trans -saharan

Answer 17

a desert in N Africa, extending from the Atlantic to the Nile valley. About 3,500,000 sq. mi. (9,065,000 sq. km).

Question 18

sub -saharan

Answer 18

from or forming part of the African regions south of the Sahara desert

Question 19

song hai

Answer 19

a member of a people living mainly in Niger and Mali

Question 20

griot

Answer 20

a member of a class of traveling poets, musicians, and storytellers who maintain a tradition of oral history in parts of West Africa

Question 21

diviner

Answer 21

a person who uses special powers to predict future events

Question 22

lineage

Answer 22

the people who were in someone’s family in past times

Question 23

indian ocean

Answer 23

The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world’s oceanic divisions, covering approximately 20% of the water on the Earth ‘s surface. It is bounded by Asia on the north, on the west by Africa, on the east by Australia, and on the south by the Southern Ocean or, depending on definition, by Antarctica.

Question 24

sahel

Answer 24

The Sahel (/səˈhɛl/) is the ecoclimatic and biogeographic zone of transition in Africa between the Sahara Desert to the north and the Sudanian Savanna to the south. Having a semi-arid climate, it stretches across the south-central latitudes of Northern Africa between the Atlantic Ocean and the Red Sea.

Question 25

corporate state

Answer 25

Corporate statism or state corporatism is a political culture and a form of corporatism whose adherents hold that the corporate group which is the basis of society is the state. The state requires all members of a particular economic sector to join an officially designated interest group. Such interest groups thus attain public status, and they participate in national policymaking. The result is that the state has great control over the groups, and groups have great control over their members.[1]

Question 26

egypt

Answer 26

Egypt (Listeni/ˈiːdʒɪpt/ ee-jipt; Arabic: مِصر‎‎ Miṣr, Egyptian Arabic: مَصر‎‎ Maṣr,[15] Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ Kimi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Red Sea to the east and south, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan, and across from the Sinai Peninsula lies Saudi Arabia, although Jordan and Saudi Arabia do not share a land border with Egypt. It is the world’s only contiguous Afrasian nati

Question 27

adolf hitter

Answer 27

Hitlerc (Braunau am Inn, Imperio austrohúngaro; 20 de abril de 1889-Berlín, 30 de abril de 1945) fue un político y militar alemán, canciller imperial desde 1933 y Führer —líder— de Alemania desde 1934 hasta su muerte. Llevó al poder al Partido Nacionalsocialista Obrero Alemán o Partido Nazi,d y lideró un régimen totalitario durante el período conocido como Tercer Reich o Alemania nazi. Además, fue quien dirigió a Alemania durante la

Question 28

anglo

Answer 28

Anglo is a prefix indicating a relation to the Angles, England, the English people, or the English language, such as in the term Anglo-Saxon language. It is often used alone, somewhat loosely, to refer to people of British Isles descent in the Americas, New Zealand, South Africa and Australia. It is also used, both in English-speaking and non-English-speaking countries, to refer to Anglophone people of other European origins.

Question 29

egyptian treat

Answer 29

Kingdom, and His Majesty, the King of Egypt) was a treaty signed between the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Egypt. Under the terms of the treaty, the United Kingdom was required to withdraw all its troops from Egypt, except those necessary to protect the Suez Canal and its surroundings, numbering 10,000 troops plus auxiliary personnel. Additionally, the United Kingdom would supply and train Egypt’s army and assist in its defence in case of war. The treaty was to last for 20 years; it was negotiated in the Zaafarana palace, signed in London on 26 August 1936 and ratified on 22 December. It was registered in League of Nations Treaty Series on 6 January 1937.[1]

Question 30

five year plan

Answer 30

The five-year plan for the development of the national economy in the Soviet Union (USSR) (Russian: Пятиле́тние пла́ны разви́тия наро́дного хозя́йства СССР, Pjatiletnije plany razvitiya narodnogo khozyaystva SSSR) was a series of nationwide centralized economic plans in the Soviet Union. The plans were developed by a state planning committee based on the theory of the productive forces that was part of the ideology of the Communist Party for development of the Soviet economy. Fulfilling the plan became the watchword of Soviet bureaucracy (see Overview of the Soviet economic planning process).

Question 31

command economy

Answer 31

The free market is a summary description of all voluntary exchanges that take place in a given economic environment. Free markets are characterized by a spontaneous and decentralized order of arrangements through which individuals make economic decisions. Based on its political and legal rules, a country’s free market economy may range between very large or entirely black market.

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Question 32

ghana

Answer 32

Ghana (Listeni/ˈɡɑːnə/), officially the Republic of Ghana, is a unitary presidential constitutional democracy, located along the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean, in the subregion of West Africa. Spanning a land mass of 238,535 km², Ghana is bordered by the Ivory Coast in the west, Burkina Faso in the north, Togo in the east and the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean in the south. Ghana means “Warrior King” in the Soninke language.[10]

Question 33

belgian congo

Answer 33

The Belgian Congo (French: Congo Belge, Dutch: Belgisch-Congo[a]) was a Belgian colony in Central Africa between 1908 and 1960 in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

Colonial rule in the Congo began in the late 19th century. King Leopold II of the Belgians persuaded the government to support colonial expansion around the then-largely unexplored Congo Basin. Their ambivalence resulted in Leopold’s creating a colony on his own account. With support from a number of Western countries, Leopold achieved international recognition for a personal colony, the Congo Free State, in 1885.[5] By the turn of the century, however, the violence used by Free State officials against indigenous Congolese and a ruthless system of economic exploitation led to intense diplomatic pressure on Belgium to take official control of the country, which it did by creating the Belgian Congo in 1908.[6]

Question 34

fascism

Answer 34

El proyecto político del fascismo es instaurar un corporativismo estatal totalitario y una economía dirigista,1 2 el fascismo ve la Primera Guerra Mundial como una revolución que trajo cambios masivos a la naturaleza de la guerra, la sociedad, el estado y la tecnología. El advenimiento de la guerra total y la movilización total de la sociedad habían dividido la distinción entre civiles y militares. Una “ciudadanía militar” surgió en la que todos los ciudadanos se involucraron con los militares de alguna manera durante la guerra. La guerra había dado lugar al surgimiento de un poderoso estado capaz de movilizar a millones de personas para servir en primera línea y proporcionar producción económica y logística para apoyarlos, además de tener una autoridad sin precedentes para intervenir en la vida de los ciudadanos.

Question 35

pablo picaso

Answer 35

Pablo Ruiz y Picasso, also known as Pablo Picasso (/pɪˈkɑːsoʊ, -ˈkæsoʊ/;[2] Spanish: [ˈpaβlo piˈkaso]; 25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973), was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, stage designer, poet and playwright who spent most of his adult life in France. Regarded as one of the greatest and most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture,[3][4] the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1907), and Guernica (1937), a portrayal of the bombing of Guernica by the German and Italian airforces at the behest of the Spanish nationalist government during the Spanish Civil War.

Question 36

abstract expressionism

Answer 36

Abstract expressionism is a post–World War II art movement in American painting, developed in New York in the 1940s.[1] It was the first specifically American movement to achieve international influence and put New York City at the center of the western art world, a role formerly filled by Paris. Although the term abstract expressionism was first applied to American art in 1946 by the art critic Robert Coates, it had been first used in Germany in 1919 in the magazine Der Sturm, regarding German Expressionism. In the United States, Alfred Barr was the first to use this term in 1929 in relation to works by Wassily Kandinsky.[2]

Question 37

nazi party

Answer 37

The National Socialist German Workers’ Party (German: About this sound Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (help·info), abbreviated NSDAP), commonly referred to in English as the Nazi Party (/ˈnɑːtsi/), was a political party in Germany that was active between 1920 and 1945 and practised the ideology of Nazism. Its precursor, the German Workers’ Party (Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; DAP), existed from 1919 to 1920.

Question 38

mass comunication

Answer 38

Mass communication is the study of how people exchange information through mass media to large segments of the population at the same time. In other words, mass communication refers to the imparting and exchanging of information on a large scale to a wide range of people. It is usually understood to relate newspaper, magazine, and book publishing, as well as radio, television and film, even via internet as these mediums are used for disseminating information, news and advertising. Mass communication differs from the studies of other forms of communication, such as interpersonal communication or organizational communication, in that it focuses on a single source transmitting information to a large number of receivers. The study of mass communication is chiefly concerned with how the content of mass communication persuades or otherwise affects the behavior, attitude, opinion, or emotion of the person or people receiving the information.

Question 39

new economic policy

Answer 39

Abstract Since 1990 a new genre of research, often described as the’new economic
geography’, has emerged. It differs from traditional work in economic geography mainly in
adopting a modelling strategy that exploits the same technical tricks that have played such a

Question 40

colective farms

Answer 40

Collective farming and communal farming are various types of agricultural production in which multiple farmers run their holdings as a joint enterprise.[1] This type of collective is often an agricultural cooperative in which member-owners engage jointly in farming activities. The process by which farmland is aggregated (or forcefully donated) is called collectivization. In some countries (including the Soviet Union, the Eastern Bloc countries, China, and Vietnam), there have been state-run and cooperative-run variants. For example, the Soviet Union had both kolkhozy (cooperative-run type) and sovkhozy (state-run type), often denoted in English as collective farms and state farms, respectively.

Question 41

purge

Answer 41

The Purge (llamada The Purge: la noche de las bestias en España y La noche de la expiación en Hispanoamérica) es una película estadounidense del año 2013 escrita y dirigida por James DeMonaco. Está protagonizada por Ethan Hawke, Lena Headey, Max Burkholder, Adelaide Kane, Edwin Hodge, Tony Oller, Rhys Wakefield y Arija Bareikis.

Question 42

authoritarianism

Answer 42

Authoritarianism is a form of government characterized by strong central power and limited political freedoms. Individual freedoms are subordinate to the state and there is no constitutional accountability under an authoritarian regime.[1] Juan Linz’s influential 1964 description of authoritarianism[2] characterized authoritarian political systems by four qualities:

Question 43

ss

Answer 43

Las Schutzstaffel (Acerca de este sonido [ˈʃʊtsˌʃtafəl]; ‘Escuadras de Defensa’, ‘Compañías de Defensa’ o ‘Escuadras de Protección’), más conocidas como las SS, fue una organización militar, policial, política, penitenciaria y de seguridad de la

Question 44

scoret police

Answer 44

In criminal law, kidnapping is the abduction and restraint by force or unlawful transportation of a person usually in order to hold them captive against their will. This may be done with a demand for ransom in exchange for releasing them from concealment, or for other illegal purposes. Kidnapping can be accompanied by bodily injury which elevates the crime to aggravated kidnapping.[1

Question 45

the spanish civilar

Answer 45

The Spanish Civil War (Spanish: Guerra Civil Española),[nb 1] widely known in Spain simply as The Civil War (Spanish: Guerra Civil) or The War (Spanish: La Guerra), took place from 1936 to 1939 and was fought between the Republicans, who were loyal to the democratic, left-leaning and relatively urban Second Spanish Republic in an alliance of convenience with the Anarchists, versus the Nationalists, a falangist, Carlist, and a largely aristocratic conservative group led by General Francisco Franco. Although the war is often portrayed as a struggle between democracy and fascism, some historians consider it more accurately described as a struggle between leftist revolution and rightist counter-revolution.[6] Ultimately, the Nationalists won, and Franco then ruled Spain for the next 36 years, from April 1939 until his death in November 1975