Chapter 7 Flashcards
apical impulse
Point of maximum intensity, where the left ventricle taps the anterior chest during systole.
Audiometry
A hearing screening using air conduction that measures hearing for pure-tone frequencies and loudness.
Auscultation
Listening to sounds produced by the airway, lungs, stomach, heart, and blood vessels to identify their characteristics; usually performed with the stethoscope to enhance the sounds heard.
Bronchophony
Change in vocal resonance in the presence of a lung consolidation, in which there is increased intensity and clarity of sounds while the words remain indistinct.
caput succedaneum
An edematous swelling and ecchymosis over the presenting part of the head due to birth trauma.
cephalhematoma
A subperiosteal hemorrhage that results from birth trauma.
Clubbing
Widening of the nail bed with an increased angle between the proximal nail fold and nail.
coloboma
A keyhole-shaped pupil caused by a notch in the iris.
Crepitus
A crinkly sensation palpated on the chest surface caused by air escaping into the subcutaneous tissues.
edema
An accumulation of excess fluid in the interstitial spaces.
Egophony
A change in vocal resonance in the presence of a lung consolidation condition in which the transmission of the “eee” sound becomes a nasal “ay” sound.
Grunting
A sound produced by the rapid release of air at the end of expiration in a newborn or infant.
heave
Lifting of the chest wall during contraction.
Hypertelorism
Widely spaced eyes.
induration
Skin area of extra firmness with a distinct border.
Inspection
Purposeful observation by carefully looking at the characteristics of the child’s physical features and behaviors, including size, shape, color, movement, position, and location.
lanugo
The fine, soft hair covering the fetus during intrauterine development
mastoiditis
An infection of the mastoid process of the temporal bone of the skull.
microcephaly
A small brain with a head circumference greater than 3 standard deviations below the mean for age and sex.
Molding
An overriding of the cranial bones to accommodate the head’s passage through the vaginal canal.
Nasal flaring
Widening of the nares with breathing that is a sign of respiratory distress.
Palpation
he technique of touch to identify characteristics of the skin, internal organs, and masses, including texture, moistness, tenderness, temperature, position, shape, consistency, mobility of masses, and organs.
Percussion
Striking the surface of the body, either directly or indirectly, to set up vibrations that reveal the density of underlying tissues and borders of internal organs.
Ptosis
Drooping of the eyelid over the pupil.
Retractions
Visible depression between the bones and cartilage of the chest during each inspiration when accessory muscles are used in the case of respiratory distress.
sexual maturity rating
An average of the breast and pubic hair Tanner stages in females and of the genital and pubic hair Tanner stages in boys.
stadiometer
Height-measuring device attached to the wall.
strabismus
An abnormal turning of the eye, usually inward or outward, due to a weak eye muscle.
Stridor
An abnormal, high-pitched musical respiratory sound caused when air moves through a narrowed larynx or trachea.
supernumerary nipples
Extra small, undeveloped nipples and areola found along the mammary line between the neck and pubic area that may be mistaken for moles.
sutures (bone)
the edges of the bones in the skull that are not yet fused.
Tachypnea
An elevated respiratory rate.
tactile fremitus
Vibrations that can be palpated on the chest when the child cries or talks.
Tympanometry
A test to estimate the pressure in the middle ear and an indirect measure of tympanic membrane movement.
Wheezing
A noise resulting from the passage of air through mucus or fluids in a narrowed lower airway; is associated with asthma.
Whispered pectoriloquy
Change in vocal resonance when syllables are heard distinctly as a whisper.
