Chapter 7

Question 1

Jezebel, a congresswoman, believes in the reproductive rights and welfare of women, but voted with the majority of her political party to ban late-term abortions. Jezebel feels very uneasy about the conflict between her beliefs and her behavior. This sense of unease is what psychologists call

Answer 1

Cognitive dissonance

Question 2

Our tendency to believe the chance of something happening because it is easy to think of examples or instances of it is called the

Answer 2

Availability heuristic

Question 3

Harold spent 6 years working toward his college degree. If Harold experiences justification of effort, then he will

Answer 3

decide his degree was well worth the time & effort

Question 4

Before Erika’s swim meet, she imagined swimming the laps. She found that her performance time improved when she rehearsed it this way. This is an example of a

Answer 4

Mental image

Question 5

Genevieve knows while many issues can be extremely complex, some people s judgments about them are more valid than other people s opinions. Genevieve has developed an ability for

Answer 5

Reflective judgement

Question 6

The process of comparing and evaluating opposing points of view is referred to as

Answer 6

Dialectical reasoning

Question 7

What bias is operating when we only pay attention to information that supports our already existing views?

Answer 7

Confirmation

Question 8

What type of thinking is demonstrated when a person defends a position by saying “We all have a right to our opinion?”

Answer 8

Quasi- reflective judgement

Question 9

After Artess’s doctor said her glucose test indicated diabetes, she said, “I knew all along I had diabetes.” What reasoning does this illustrate?

Answer 9

Hindsight bias

Question 10

Mental models of gender, cultures, animals, geographical locations, or other features of the social or natural environment are called

Answer 10

Cognitive schemas