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Biology Chapter 10 And 7 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

Hypotonic

A

Less solutes outside cell

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2
Q

Isotonic

A

Equal number of solutes

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3
Q

Water chases…

A

Solutes

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4
Q

Formula for SA of a rectangle

A

2(LxW) + 2(LxH) + 2(HxW)

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5
Q

Hypertonic

A

More solutes outside cell

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6
Q

Mitochondria provide…

A

Energy

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7
Q

P53

A

Good - last defense against cancer

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8
Q

What kind of preparation must a cell undergo before division?

A

It has to be big enough and have enough materials for two cells. Also, before mitosis it has to go through S phase to comply it’s chromosomes (DNA)

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9
Q

Why are cells blood, skin and immune systems constantly going

A

They constantly need to be replaced, and if you get an infection your immune system will be able to generate new cells

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10
Q

What is unique about the nature of the phosolipid?

A

Head: likes water
Tail: doesn’t like water

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11
Q

Cyclins help..

A

Control the cell cycle

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12
Q

More cyclins

A

More cell division

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13
Q

Less cyclins

A

Less cell division

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14
Q

Chromatids

A

Half of a duplicated chromosome

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15
Q

Rough ER

A

Deals with proteins

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16
Q

Smooth ER

A

Deals with lipids

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17
Q

After the ER, the material goes to ..

A

The Golgi Apparatus

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18
Q

Difference between peripheral and integral proteins

A

peripheral - attached to one side or the other

Integral- in the nucleus

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19
Q

Cells will have a certain structure to fit what the cell or tissue needs to do

A

Structure and function

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20
Q

Mitosis

A

division of genetic material

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21
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Division of cytoplasm

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22
Q

Interphase - preparing for cell division

A

G1 S G2

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23
Q

Rudolph

A

Cells came from other cells through division

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24
Q

Ribosomes make

A

Proteins

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25
Q

Water chases..

A

Solutes

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26
Q

Ratio for SA to volume

A

SA/Volume. Leave as a decimal

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27
Q

Smaller surface area and volume =

A

Largest ratio

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28
Q

Red blood cells carry

A

Oxygen

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29
Q

What are the three parts of the cell theory?

A

The three parts of the cell theory are that

  1. All living things are composed of cells
  2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
  3. New cells are produced from existing cells
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30
Q

Who are the five scientists that contributed to the cell theory?

A
  1. Robert Hook
  2. Anton van
  3. Matthias Schleiden
  4. Theodore Schwann
  5. Rudolph Virchow
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31
Q

Robert Hook

A

Cork cells under a microscope-you see little boxes

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32
Q

Anton van

A

Saw moving microorganisms in Pondwater cells

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33
Q

Matthias Schleidan

A

All plants are made of cells

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34
Q

Theodore Schwann

A

All animals are made of cells

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35
Q

What are the three parts of the cell theory?

A

The three parts of the cell theory are that

  1. All living things are composed of cells
  2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
  3. New cells are produced from existing cells
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36
Q

Who are the five scientists that contributed to the cell theory?

A
  1. Robert Hook
  2. Anton van
  3. Matthias Schleiden
  4. Theodore Schwann
  5. Rudolph Virchow
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37
Q

Robert Hook

A

Cork cells under a microscope-you see little boxes

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38
Q

Anton van

A

Saw moving microorganisms in Pondwater cells

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39
Q

Matthias Schleidan

A

All plants are made of cells

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40
Q

Theodore Schwann

A

All animals are made of cells

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41
Q

Prokaryotes do not

A

Contain a nucleus

42
Q

Prokaryotes do

A

Still have DNA

43
Q

Eukaryotes do

A

Contain a nucleus

44
Q

Chromatin

A

Mix of DNA and protein spread throughout the nucleus

45
Q

Chromosomes

A

When cell division occurs, chromatin gets packed together to form these

46
Q

Centrioles

A

Small organelles that form spindles

47
Q

What are cell membranes made of?

A

Lipids proteins and carbohydrates

48
Q

Fluid Mosaic model

A

Fluid because the phospholipids move around giving the membrane a fluid appearance
Mosaic because it is a combination of so many different parts

49
Q

Solvent

A

Liquid in a solution

50
Q

Solution

A

The liquid environment that is mostly water with some stuff dissolved in it

51
Q

Solutes

A

The stuff dissolved in a solution

52
Q

Diffusion

A

The simplest way to move materials from one side of the membrane to the other

53
Q

Concentration gradient

A

Different concentrations on either side of the membrane

54
Q

Does diffusion require energy

A

Nope, thanks to the natural constant movement of molecules

55
Q

Equal Librium

A

The molecules continue to move randomly and cross the membrane but they do so at equal rates. once the concentration of solute is the same on either side of the membrane

56
Q

Small amounts of water =

A

High solutes

57
Q

Large amounts of water =

A

Low solutes

58
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Needs a doorway. Doesn’t need energy

59
Q

Passive transport

A

Movement of molecules through transporters passively. this doesn’t use any extra energy

60
Q

SA of a cube formula

A

6 (length•width)

61
Q

What characteristics are shared by all cells?

A

All cells have a cell membrane

Contain DNA

62
Q

Prokaryotes are

A

Unicellular

63
Q

Eukaryotes are

A

Multicellular

64
Q

passive transport

A

Passive doesn’t use any extra energy and is for care gradient

65
Q

Active transport

A

active requires extra energy and it also requires protein transporters and is against care gradient

66
Q

Bulk transport

A

Requires energy. Two types: ENDOcytosis, EXOcytosis

67
Q

ENDOcytosis

A

Goes into

68
Q

EXOcytosis

A

Comes out of

69
Q

Dna overload

A

DNA of cell is getting overloaded with demands

70
Q

Can you add DNA?

A

No

71
Q

Exchanging materials

A

Food, oxygen, and water enter the cell by crossing its membrane and waste products leave in the same way

72
Q

2 limits to cell growth?

A
  1. DNA overload

2. Exchanging materials

73
Q

Do we cells grow to be too large?

A

Nope

74
Q

What happens to chromosomes as the cell approaches cell division?

A

It makes a copy to form sister chromatids

75
Q

G1

A

Cell grows, increasing in size, new proteins and organelles

76
Q

S

A

DNA Synthesis - chromosomes copy

77
Q

G2

A

Shortest phase, confirms cell has what it needs to survive

78
Q

M phase

A

Cell division takes place

79
Q

Interphase

A

Prep for cell division

80
Q

2 stages in M phase

A

Mitosis, cytokinesis

81
Q

Mitosis comes

A

First

82
Q

Cytokinesis comes

A

Second

83
Q

Mitosis stages (in order)

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

84
Q

Prophase

A

1st/longest stage of mitosis

85
Q

Metaphase

A

Lasts only a couple mins

Chromosomes line up think: Midline-Metaphase

86
Q

Anaphase

A

Chromosomes split at centromere, each sis chromatid pulled to opposite poles of cell
Identical sets of DNA as a result
Think:anaphase-apart

87
Q

Telophase

A

New nuclear envelopes form around both groups of chromosomes
Chromosomes spread back out in the new nucleus, and nucleoli appear

88
Q

Malignant

A

Cancerous

89
Q

Benign

A

Not cancerous

90
Q

Active transport

A

Diffusion backwards

91
Q

Cancer

A

When cells uncontrollably divide

92
Q

How does cytokinesis in plants differ from cytokinesis in animals?

A

Plants: a cell plate forms
Animals: the cell gets pinched together
Think: plant-plate

93
Q

Cyclins indicate

A

Need for cell division

94
Q

End result of cytokinesis?

A

Two separate daughter cells

95
Q

Difference between internal and external regulators of cell cycle?

A

Internal: check if the cell can divide
External: respond to growth factors and cell to cell interactions(how much room they have)

96
Q

Metastasis

A

When cancer cells break loose and spread causing more damage

97
Q

Most common defect in cancerous cells?

A

P53

98
Q

Most common types of cancer in females and males:

A

Females: breast
Males: prostate

99
Q

Robert book came up with

A

“Cell”

100
Q

Cell differentiation

A

A less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type. .

Biology Chapter 10 And 7 (1 decks)

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