chapter 7 Flashcards
Define productivity
Productivity is the measure of how efficiently natural, labor and capital resources are used to achieve an optimal output of goods and services. Level of output are obtained by the level of input. Productivity is increased when an improved product is produce with the same cost involved.
Define Operations management
Operations management is a management process in which resources are coordinated to ensure an efficient output and maximized competitiveness within its market. It involves taking inputs from various resources to be transformed into a desirable output. Operations management aims to increase productivity and quality to achieve maximum competitiveness and customer satisfaction within its market.
Factors determining productivity
Communication Process
- ensure accurate processing of orders
- ensure barriers of communications are removed
Technology
- robotics
- new technology
- increase accuracy and precision
- long term cost savings
- high quality with low cost
Work-safe practices
- prevent chances of accidents happening, work site closed, downtime, decreased productivity
Work life balance
- decrease staff turnover
- satisfied staff - build team loyalty - productivity
Layouts of facilities
- ensure sufficient space
Research and development
- development of innovative work practices
Equipment and facilities
- regular maintenance - decrease cost and downtime
Task and processes
- task analysis
- sequencing and reordering of tasks
- types of task = method of production
- reduce cost and amount produced
How can technology can optimize operations
Technology can help increase efficiency, productivity, competitiveness and quality of product. In addition, it also long term decrease cost involved.
Examples of technology
Computer numerical control
- control of machinery, tools and equipment through computer
Computer aided design
- facilitates the modification of product designs
- decrease the need for hand drawn design
- speed up designing process
Computer integrated manufacturing
- controls and direct production from start to finish (input, transformation and output)
- plan cost estimation
- inventory planning
- quality control
Robotics
- save labor cost
- free workers from repetitive task
- usually with fixed position layout and assembly line
- perform complex task
Flexible manufacturing systems
- complete system
- has total control of operations system
- CNC based equipment + automated transport system (delivery of inputs in correct quantities )+ CAD
- detect machinery break down
- reset equipment
E commerce
define Quality control
the process of checking the quality to ensure that goods and services meet designated benchmark and errors are eliminated post production
a reactive process - detect defects and errors after they have occurred or post production.
Process of Quality Control
- set benchmark
- inspection of product through analysis or sampling
- compare against benchmark
- correct procedure to prevent defects from reoccurring (sometimes product recall)
Product recall
a recollection of all products sold; initiated when a defect is detected in product, making it unsafe.
Strategies to enhance operations
Facilities layouts
- optimize efficiency through the movement of space and cost reductions
Technology
Supply chain management
- ensure that right quantities of materials are available for transformation and that there are sufficient outputs to satisfy demand.
quality management
- ensure degree of excellence to enhance competitiveness and customer satisfactions
- reduce risks of product recall.
What is the triple bottom line
economical, social and environmental impacts
What is social repsonsibility
social responsibility is the commitment to give back to the community and its development and looking out for all stakeholders
what are some socially responsible considerations?
- waste minimization
- good working conditions for employees
- reduce carbon emission
- take responsibility on all economic, environmental and social impact on community.
The three types of quality management
quality reassurance
quality control
total quality management
define total quality mangement
TQM is a totally integrated, management led effort aimed at improving at all levels of enterprise and on aspects affecting competitiveness and customer satisfaction
the core concepts of tQM
- continuous process improvement
- using teams to analyse problems with the process and implement solution - customer focus
- detect prevention
- prevent error from occurring before production rather than relying on inspection to find them after they occur. - Universal responsibility
- states that quality management is the responsibility of every work group all throughout the organization
