Chapter 7

Question 1

A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Answer 1

learning

Question 2

the process of learning associations

Answer 2

cognitioning

Question 3

a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning

Answer 3

neutral stimulus

Question 4

the stimulus that elicits an automatic/natural response (before conditioning)

Answer 4

unconditioned stimulus

Question 5

the automatic/natural response to stimulus(before conditioning)

Answer 5

unconditioned response

Question 6

the stimulus that is paired with the US (has to come before US)

Answer 6

conditioned stimulus

Question 7

the response to the conditioned stimulus (usually the same to the UR)

Answer 7

conditioned response

Question 8

a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events

Answer 8

classical conditioning

Question 9

the initial stage of learning when a neutral stimulus is lined to an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response

Answer 9

acquisition

Question 10

the diminished (weakened) responding that occurs when the conditioned stimulus no longer signals an upcoming unconditioned stimulus. repeated presentation of the CS without the US causes the CS to no longer elicit the CR.

Answer 10

extinction

Question 11

the reappearance of a weakened conditioned response after a pause.

Answer 11

spontaneous recovery

Question 12

the tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses (CR)

Answer 12

generalization

Question 13

the learned ability to discriminate between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus

Answer 13

discrimination

Question 14

John Garcia discovered that organisms are predisposed to learn associations that help them adapt and survive. Contrary to what many befre Garcia believed, some associations are learned more readily than others. Also, US does not have to immediately follow the CS.

Answer 14

biological predispositions

Question 15

consequences of behavior:
subject acts in some way
subject receives response from environment
this process creates learning

Answer 15

operant conditioning

Question 16

behavior followed by a pleasant outcome (a reward”) is likely to happen again.

Answer 16

Thorndike’s law of effect

Question 17

Skinner box to study operant conditioning

Answer 17

operant chamber

Question 18

a procedure in which reinforcers such as food guide an animal’s actions toward desired behavior also know as the method of successive approcimations

Answer 18

shaping

Question 19

any response that strengthens a behavior happening again (increases the frequency of ..)

Answer 19

reinforcement

Question 20

add a desirable/rewarding stimulus

Answer 20

positive reinforcemnt

Question 21

remove a aversive stimulus (take away sth )

Answer 21

negative reinforcement

Question 22

an innately reinforcing stimulus

Answer 22

primary reinforcer

Question 23

a stimulus that gains its power to reinforce through its association with a primary reinforcer

Answer 23

conditioned reinforcer

Question 24

every target behavior results in reinforcement

Answer 24

continuous