Chapter 7

Question 0

Adenine

Answer 0

A nitrogenous base that is a purine.

Question 1

Amino acid

Answer 1

Compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxylate group on the other end

Question 2

Anticodon

Answer 2

Group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complimentary to an mRNA codon.

Question 3

Codon

Answer 3

Three nucleotide sequence Oma messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid

Question 4

Cytosine

Answer 4

A nitrogenous base that is a pyrimidine.

Question 5

Deletion mutation

Answer 5

A point mutation that deletes a base or triplet in an amino acid sequence

Question 6

DNA replication

Answer 6

When the DNA separates into two strands and produces two complimentary strands.

Question 7

DNA polymerase

Answer 7

Enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule.

Question 8

Exon

Answer 8

Expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein

Question 9

Frameshift mutation

Answer 9

Mutation that shifts the reading frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide

Question 10

Gene

Answer 10

Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait.

Question 11

Guanine

Answer 11

A nitrogenous base that is a purine

Question 12

Helicase

Answer 12

Unwinds DNA

Question 13

Insertion mutation

Answer 13

A point mutation when a base is inserted into the DNA sequence

Question 14

Intron

Answer 14

Sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein.

Question 15

mRNA

Answer 15

RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for assembling amino acids into proteins.

Question 16

Peptide bond

Answer 16

Chemical bond between the amino acids

Question 17

Point mutation

Answer 17

Gene mutation involving changes in one or a few nucleotides

Question 18

Promoter

Answer 18

Region of DNA that indicates to am enzyme where to bind to make an RNA

Question 19

Purine

Answer 19

Adenine and guanine; bigger; two rings

Question 20

Pyrimidine

Answer 20

TCU; smaller; one ring

Question 21

Ribosome

Answer 21

Small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made if RNA and protein

Question 22

RNA polymerase

Answer 22

Enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription

Question 23

rRNA

Answer 23

Type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes

Question 24

Thymine

Answer 24

Hydrogenous base that is a pyrimidine

Question 25

Transcription

Answer 25

Process in which part of the nucleotide sequence if DNA is copied into a complimentary sequence in RNA

Question 26

Translation

Answer 26

Decoding of mRNA message into a polypeptide chain

Question 27

tRNA

Answer 27

Type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis

Question 28

Triplet

Answer 28

A set of three bases in a DNA sequence.

Question 29

Uracil

Answer 29

Nitrogenous base in only an RNA sequence; pyrimidine

Question 30

Okazaki fragments

Answer 30

Unlike the leading strand where DNA can be synthesized continuously the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in the form of short fragments called Okazaki fragments that are later connected covalently to form a continuous strand. This is because DNA synthesis can proceed only in one direction – the 5’ to 3’ direction.

Question 31

Operator

Answer 31

(1) (genetics) A segment of DNA where the repressor binds to, thereby preventing the transcription of certain genes.

Question 32

Operon

Answer 32

A group of genes or a segment of DNA that functions as a single transcription unit. It is comprised of an operator, a promoter, and one or more structural genes that are transcribed into one polycistronic mRNA.

Question 33

PCR

Answer 33

Technique that allows molecular biologists to make many copies of a particular gene