Chapter 7 Flashcards
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What is the minimum value on the Kelvin scale?
0 K
0 K is also known as absolute zero
What happens to particles of a substance as they approach absolute zero?
Particles slow down so much that they hardly move and their kinetic energy approaches 0 J
How do you convert from Kelvin to Celsius?
T_c = T_k - 273
How do you convert from Celsius to Kelvin?
T_k = T_c + 273
What is the melting point?
Temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid
What is the freezing point?
Temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid
What is the boiling point?
Temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas
What is the condensation point?
Temperature at which a gas changes to a liquid
True or False: The melting point and freezing point temperatures are equal.
True
True or False: The boiling point and condensation point temperatures are equal.
True
What is thermal energy?
Total potential and kinetic energy possessed by the particles of a substance
What is heat?
Transfer of thermal energy from a substance with a higher temperature to a substance with a lower temperature
What is thermal conduction?
Transfer of thermal energy that occurs when warmer objects are in physical contact with colder objects
What is thermal convection?
Transfer of thermal energy through a fluid that occurs when colder denser fluid falls and pushes up warmer less dense fluid
What is radiation in the context of thermal energy?
Movement of thermal energy as electromagnetic waves
What is specific heat capacity?
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 °C
What is the specific heat capacity of water?
4.18 x 10^3 J/(kg *°C)
What is the specific heat capacity of vegetable oil?
2.0 x 10^3 J/(kg *°C)
What is the quantity of heat (Q)?
Total amount of thermal energy transferred from a warmer substance to a colder substance
What factors are considered in the quantity of heat calculation?
Mass (m), Specific heat capacity (c), Change in temperature (ΔT)
What is the equation for calculating quantity of heat?
Q = mcΔT
What happens to thermal energy when a warmer object comes in contact with a colder object?
Thermal energy is transferred from the warmer object to the colder object until thermal energy is evenly distributed
What is thermal expansion?
Increase in the volume of an object due to an increase in its temperature
What occurs during melting?
Absorbing thermal energy; particles move faster and farther apart