Chapter 7

Question 1

What are the 3 main training adaptations that allow trained athletes to generate more ATP aerobically?

Answer 1

1. more rapid increase in muscle bioenergetics
2. more rapid increase in blood flow
3. Disproportionally larger regional blood flow to active muscle complimented by cellular adaptations.

Question 2

What are 3 factors that allow athletes to develop their lactate producing capacity?

(the slide words this very oddly)

Answer 2

1) Improved motivation during training.

2) Increased intramuscular glycogen stores with training.

3) Training-induced increase in glycolytic-related enzymes.

Question 3

What are the 2 things that glucose derived from lactate can do?

Answer 3

1. Return to skeletal muscle from the blood for energy metabolism
2. be synthesized as glycogen for storage

Question 4

Why can trained athletes perform steady state exercise at 80-90% of their aerobic capacity?

Answer 4

1. Specific genetic endowment
2. Specific local training adaptations that favor less lactate production
3. More rapid rate of lactate removal at any exercise intensity

Question 5

When does the blood lactate threshold occur?

Answer 5

when muscle cells can neither meet energy demands aerobically nor oxidize lactate at its rate of formation.

Question 6

What happens to accumulated lactate in the body (3 fates; give % of lactate that meets this fate)

Answer 6

70% oxidized

20% converted to glucose in muscles and liver

10% synthesizes amino acids

Question 7

What 4 factors determine V02 max?

Answer 7

1. Ventilation
2. Central blood flow
3. Active muscle metabolism
4. Peripheral blood flow

Question 8

Describe a type 1 muscle fiber:

Answer 8

• Generates energy through aerobic pathways.
• Slower contraction speed than fast-twitch fibers.
• Active in continuous activities requiring steady-rate aerobic energy transfer.

Question 9

Describe a type 2 muscle fiber:

Answer 9

• Rapid contraction speed and high capacity for anaerobic ATP production in glycolysis; highly active in change of pace and stop
  and go activities.
• Type IIa: High aerobic capacity.

Question 10

What is involved in recovering from steady state exercise?

Answer 10

re-synthesis of high-energy phosphates; replenishment of O2 in blood, bodily fluids, and muscle myoglobin; and a small energy
cost to sustain elevated circulation and ventilation.

Question 11

How does aerobic exercise in the recovery process help to remove lactate from the blood?

Answer 11

• Increased blood perfusion through the liver, heart, and ventilatory muscles.
• Increased blood flow through skeletal muscles in active recovery.

Question 12

Explain what intermittent interval training aims to do and how it does this:

Answer 12

aims to overload a specific energy transfer system by manipulating work to rest ratios

enables rapid recovery to allow for more bursts of intense exercise

Question 13

How does lactate shuttling between cells affect energy metabolism?

Answer 13

it allows glycogenolysis in one cell to provide other cells with fuel for oxidation

Question 14

What 5 physiologic systems are involved in one’s V02 max?

Answer 14

Hemoglobin concentration

peripheral blood flow

pulmonary ventilation

blood volume and cardiac output

aerobic metabolism

Question 15

What is EPOC and what