Chapter 7

Question 1

What is the term for the average energy deposited per unit length of track as it travels through material?

Answer 1

Linear Energy Transfer (LET)

Question 2

What is the relationship between LET and biologic response?

Answer 2

Direct Relationship (increase in LET = increase in biologic response)

Question 3

What is the name of the property of electromagnetic radiation has that allows them to travel and interact with matter as either a wave or a particle?

Answer 3

Wave-Particle Duality

Question 4

Which LET level (High-LET or Low-LET) generally causes sub-lethal damage to DNA?

Answer 4

Low-LET

Question 5

What is the term for the ratio of the dose of a reference radiation (conventionally 250-kVp x-rays) to the dose of radiation of the type in question that is necessary to produce the same biologic reaction in a given experiment?

Answer 5

Relative Biologic Effectiveness (RBE)

Question 6

What is the term for the ratio of the radiation dose required to cause a particular biologic response of cells or organisms in any oxygen-deprived environment to the radiation dose required to cause an identical response under normal oxygenated conditions?

Answer 6

Oxygen Enhancement Ratio (OER)

Question 7

In living systems, biologic damage from ionizing radiation exposure can be observed on what 3 levels?

Answer 7

Molecular, Cellular, Organic Systems

Question 8

What is the term for biologic damage occurs as a result of ionization of atoms on essential molecules produced by straight interaction with the incident radiation?

Answer 8

Direct Action

Question 9

What is the term for the multistage process that first involves the production of free radicals that are created by the interaction of the radiation with water molecules?

Answer 9

Indirect Action

Question 10

What is the term for changes in genes caused by the loss or change of a nitrogenous base on the DNA chain?

Answer 10

Mutation

Question 11

What is the term for the chemical unions created between atoms by the single sharing of one or more pairs of electrons?

Answer 11

Covalent Cross-Links

Question 12

What are the two types of covalent cross-links?

Answer 12

Intrastrand & Interstrand

Question 13

What is the term for the process in which chromosome breaks rejoin with no visible damage?

Answer 13

Restitution

Question 14

What is the term for when a part of a chromosome or chromatid is lost during cell division, creating an aberration?

Answer 14

Deletion

Question 15

What occurs after a large amount of radiation, 1000 Gy, hits cells in a period of a few seconds to a few minutes?

Answer 15

Instant Death

Question 16

What is the term for the condition, following radiation exposure, that doesn’t kill cells, but causes a loss of the ability of cells to procreate?

Answer 16

Reproductive death

Question 17

What is the term for a non-mitotic, or non-division, form of cell death that occurs when cells die without attempting division during the interphase portion of the cell life cycle?

Answer 17

Apoptosis

Question 18

Which of the following is the term for cell death after one or more divisions?

Answer 18

Mitotic Death

Question 19

Which of the following is the term for the delay of the cell to begin dividing on time?

Answer 19

Mitotic Delay

Question 20

What is the term for the method of displaying the sensitivity of a particular type of cell to radiation?

Answer 20

Cell Survival Curve