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Chapter 7 Skeletal system bone structure > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Compact bone makes up how many percent of total bone mass?

A

80%

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2
Q

Spongy bone makes up how many percent of total bone mass?

A

20%

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3
Q

Functions of bone include ______.

A

Blood cell formation
Protection
Mineral storage
Support

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4
Q

Severe anemia can trigger the conversion of ___ bone marrow into _____ bone marrow

A

Yellow;Red

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5
Q

Spongy bone is located ______ to compact bone.

A

Internal

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6
Q

Which is a function of bone?

A

Protection of organs

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7
Q

Bone is a type of ______ tissue.

A

Connective Tissue

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8
Q

Anemia is a disease of low oxygen delivery to tissues. This is sometimes the result of a low number of ______.

A

RBC

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9
Q

Osteoblasts function to Blank______.

A

Produce osteoid

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10
Q

Mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts that have lost their bone-forming ability when enveloped by calcified osteoid are called ______.

A

Osteocytes

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11
Q

Which statements characterize osteoclasts?

A

They have ruffled borders
They are phagocytic

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12
Q

Another name for the calcification of bone is

A

mineralization

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13
Q

The end of a long bone is covered with ______.

A

Articular cartilage

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14
Q

When osteoblasts become entrapped in the matrix they produce, they become cells called ______.

A

osteoclasts

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15
Q

Cancellous or trabecular bone is also called ___ bone

A

Spongy

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16
Q

Which statements characterize osteocytes?

A

They maintain bone matrix
They reside in lacunae

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17
Q

Osteoclasts are ______.

A

Cells that break down bone

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18
Q

Bone formation requires ______.

A

Vitamin D / Vitamin C
Calcium
Phosphate

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19
Q

Which statements correctly describe compact bone?

A

It form the external walls of long bones
It is solid and relatively dense

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20
Q

A central canal of an osteon is also called a ______ canal.

A

Haversian

21
Q

Rings of bone connective tissue that surround the central canal of an osteon are called ______.

A

Concentric Lamellae

22
Q

Which statements characterize canaliculi?

A

Nutrients pass through them
They contain osteocyte cytoplasmic extnesions
They extend from lacuna to lacuna

23
Q

Which statements describe an osteon?

A

It runs parallel to the diaphysis of a long bone.
It is microscopic.
It is also called a Haversian system.
It contains a central canal.

24
Q

Which statements characterize central canals of osteons?

A

they contain blood vessels
they are a cylindrical channel
they contain nerves

25
Q

Which statements characterize concentric lamellae of osteons?

A

they are rings of bone tissue
they contain collagen fibers
their numbers vary among osteons

26
Q

Which statements characterize the microscopic arrangement of spongy bone?

A

it contains no osteons
it contains parallel lamellae

27
Q

Rings of bone connective tissue that surround the central canal of an osteon are called ______.

A

concentric lamellae

28
Q

Chondrocytes occupy small spaces called

A

lacunae

29
Q

The cylindrical channel that lies in the center of the osteon is the ______.

A

central canal

30
Q

The process of bone formation is called

A

ossification

31
Q

Chondrocytes are ______.

A

chondroblasts that have become encased with matrix

32
Q

The flat bones of the skull are formed through ______ ossification.

A

intramembranous

33
Q

The bones of the upper and lower limbs are produced through

A

endochondral

34
Q

Rings of bone connective tissue that surround the central canal of an osteon are called ______.

A

concentric lamellae

35
Q

A bone’s growth in diameter is called
_____ growth

A

appositional growth

36
Q

Which bones are produced by intramembranous ossification?

A

flat bones of the skull

37
Q

The continual deposition of new bone tissue and the removal of old bone tissue is called

A

bone remodeling

38
Q

The release of _____ hormone increases blood calcium levels.

A

parathyroid or PTH

39
Q

Choose the bones formed through endochondral ossification.

A

vertebrae
upper limb bones
lower limb bones

40
Q

Calcium is required for ______.

A

blood clotting
initiation of muscle contraction
stimulation of the heart

41
Q

Bone remodeling begins during ______.

A

embryologic development

42
Q

A long bone’s growth in length is called ______.

A

interstitial growth

43
Q

Which statements characterize bone remodeling?

A

It can be stimulated by stress on a bone.
It occurs at the periosteal and endosteal surfaces of a bone.

44
Q

During bone development, the liver releases somatomedin in response to ____ hormone

A

growth

45
Q

The hormone that is produced in the thyroid gland and has the greatest effect on children’s blood calcium levels is

A

calcitonin

46
Q

The two primary hormones that regulate blood calcium are ______.

A

calcitriol and parathyroid hormone

47
Q

Osteoporosis is a disease of ______.

A

decreased bone mass

48
Q

PTH acts synergistically with calcitriol to Blank______ the release of calcium from the bone to the blood by Blank______ osteoclast activity.

A

increase; increasing

49
Q
A

Chapter 7 Skeletal system bone structure (1 decks)

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