Chapter 7 Flashcards
Compact bone makes up how many percent of total bone mass?
80%
Spongy bone makes up how many percent of total bone mass?
20%
Functions of bone include ______.
Blood cell formation
Protection
Mineral storage
Support
Severe anemia can trigger the conversion of ___ bone marrow into _____ bone marrow
Yellow;Red
Spongy bone is located ______ to compact bone.
Internal
Which is a function of bone?
Protection of organs
Bone is a type of ______ tissue.
Connective Tissue
Anemia is a disease of low oxygen delivery to tissues. This is sometimes the result of a low number of ______.
RBC
Osteoblasts function to Blank______.
Produce osteoid
Mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts that have lost their bone-forming ability when enveloped by calcified osteoid are called ______.
Osteocytes
Which statements characterize osteoclasts?
They have ruffled borders
They are phagocytic
Another name for the calcification of bone is
mineralization
The end of a long bone is covered with ______.
Articular cartilage
When osteoblasts become entrapped in the matrix they produce, they become cells called ______.
osteoclasts
Cancellous or trabecular bone is also called ___ bone
Spongy
Which statements characterize osteocytes?
They maintain bone matrix
They reside in lacunae
Osteoclasts are ______.
Cells that break down bone
Bone formation requires ______.
Vitamin D / Vitamin C
Calcium
Phosphate
Which statements correctly describe compact bone?
It form the external walls of long bones
It is solid and relatively dense
A central canal of an osteon is also called a ______ canal.
Haversian
Rings of bone connective tissue that surround the central canal of an osteon are called ______.
Concentric Lamellae
Which statements characterize canaliculi?
Nutrients pass through them
They contain osteocyte cytoplasmic extnesions
They extend from lacuna to lacuna
Which statements describe an osteon?
It runs parallel to the diaphysis of a long bone.
It is microscopic.
It is also called a Haversian system.
It contains a central canal.
Which statements characterize central canals of osteons?
they contain blood vessels
they are a cylindrical channel
they contain nerves
Which statements characterize concentric lamellae of osteons?
they are rings of bone tissue
they contain collagen fibers
their numbers vary among osteons
Which statements characterize the microscopic arrangement of spongy bone?
it contains no osteons
it contains parallel lamellae
Rings of bone connective tissue that surround the central canal of an osteon are called ______.
concentric lamellae
Chondrocytes occupy small spaces called
lacunae
The cylindrical channel that lies in the center of the osteon is the ______.
central canal
The process of bone formation is called
ossification
Chondrocytes are ______.
chondroblasts that have become encased with matrix
The flat bones of the skull are formed through ______ ossification.
intramembranous
The bones of the upper and lower limbs are produced through
endochondral
Rings of bone connective tissue that surround the central canal of an osteon are called ______.
concentric lamellae
A bone’s growth in diameter is called
_____ growth
appositional growth
Which bones are produced by intramembranous ossification?
flat bones of the skull
The continual deposition of new bone tissue and the removal of old bone tissue is called
bone remodeling
The release of _____ hormone increases blood calcium levels.
parathyroid or PTH
Choose the bones formed through endochondral ossification.
vertebrae
upper limb bones
lower limb bones
Calcium is required for ______.
blood clotting
initiation of muscle contraction
stimulation of the heart
Bone remodeling begins during ______.
embryologic development
A long bone’s growth in length is called ______.
interstitial growth
Which statements characterize bone remodeling?
It can be stimulated by stress on a bone.
It occurs at the periosteal and endosteal surfaces of a bone.
During bone development, the liver releases somatomedin in response to ____ hormone
growth
The hormone that is produced in the thyroid gland and has the greatest effect on children’s blood calcium levels is
calcitonin
The two primary hormones that regulate blood calcium are ______.
calcitriol and parathyroid hormone
Osteoporosis is a disease of ______.
decreased bone mass
PTH acts synergistically with calcitriol to Blank______ the release of calcium from the bone to the blood by Blank______ osteoclast activity.
increase; increasing
