Chapter 7

Question 1

Compact bone makes up how many percent of total bone mass?

Answer 1

80%

Question 2

Spongy bone makes up how many percent of total bone mass?

Answer 2

20%

Question 3

Functions of bone include ______.

Answer 3

Blood cell formation
Protection
Mineral storage
Support

Question 4

Severe anemia can trigger the conversion of ___ bone marrow into _____ bone marrow

Answer 4

Yellow;Red

Question 5

Spongy bone is located ______ to compact bone.

Answer 5

Internal

Question 6

Which is a function of bone?

Answer 6

Protection of organs

Question 7

Bone is a type of ______ tissue.

Answer 7

Connective Tissue

Question 8

Anemia is a disease of low oxygen delivery to tissues. This is sometimes the result of a low number of ______.

Answer 8

RBC

Question 9

Osteoblasts function to Blank______.

Answer 9

Produce osteoid

Question 10

Mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts that have lost their bone-forming ability when enveloped by calcified osteoid are called ______.

Answer 10

Osteocytes

Question 11

Which statements characterize osteoclasts?

Answer 11

They have ruffled borders
They are phagocytic

Question 12

Another name for the calcification of bone is

Answer 12

mineralization

Question 13

The end of a long bone is covered with ______.

Answer 13

Articular cartilage

Question 14

When osteoblasts become entrapped in the matrix they produce, they become cells called ______.

Answer 14

osteoclasts

Question 15

Cancellous or trabecular bone is also called ___ bone

Answer 15

Spongy

Question 16

Which statements characterize osteocytes?

Answer 16

They maintain bone matrix
They reside in lacunae

Question 17

Osteoclasts are ______.

Answer 17

Cells that break down bone

Question 18

Bone formation requires ______.

Answer 18

Vitamin D / Vitamin C
Calcium
Phosphate

Question 19

Which statements correctly describe compact bone?

Answer 19

It form the external walls of long bones
It is solid and relatively dense

Question 20

A central canal of an osteon is also called a ______ canal.

Answer 20

Haversian

Question 21

Rings of bone connective tissue that surround the central canal of an osteon are called ______.

Answer 21

Concentric Lamellae

Question 22

Which statements characterize canaliculi?

Answer 22

Nutrients pass through them
They contain osteocyte cytoplasmic extnesions
They extend from lacuna to lacuna

Question 23

Which statements describe an osteon?

Answer 23

It runs parallel to the diaphysis of a long bone.
It is microscopic.
It is also called a Haversian system.
It contains a central canal.

Question 24

Which statements characterize central canals of osteons?

Answer 24

they contain blood vessels
they are a cylindrical channel
they contain nerves

Question 25

Which statements characterize concentric lamellae of osteons?

Answer 25

they are rings of bone tissue they contain collagen fibers their numbers vary among osteons

Question 26

Which statements characterize the microscopic arrangement of spongy bone?

Answer 26

it contains no osteons it contains parallel lamellae

Question 27

Rings of bone connective tissue that surround the central canal of an osteon are called ______.

Answer 27

concentric lamellae

Question 28

Chondrocytes occupy small spaces called

Answer 28

lacunae

Question 29

The cylindrical channel that lies in the center of the osteon is the ______.

Answer 29

central canal

Question 30

The process of bone formation is called

Answer 30

ossification

Question 31

Chondrocytes are ______.

Answer 31

chondroblasts that have become encased with matrix

Question 32

The flat bones of the skull are formed through ______ ossification.

Answer 32

intramembranous

Question 33

The bones of the upper and lower limbs are produced through

Answer 33

endochondral

Question 34

Rings of bone connective tissue that surround the central canal of an osteon are called ______.

Answer 34

concentric lamellae

Question 35

A bone's growth in diameter is called _____ growth

Answer 35

appositional growth

Question 36

Which bones are produced by intramembranous ossification?

Answer 36

flat bones of the skull

Question 37

The continual deposition of new bone tissue and the removal of old bone tissue is called

Answer 37

bone remodeling

Question 38

The release of _____ hormone increases blood calcium levels.

Answer 38

parathyroid or PTH

Question 39

Choose the bones formed through endochondral ossification.

Answer 39

vertebrae upper limb bones lower limb bones

Question 40

Calcium is required for ______.

Answer 40

blood clotting initiation of muscle contraction stimulation of the heart

Question 41

Bone remodeling begins during ______.

Answer 41

embryologic development

Question 42

A long bone's growth in length is called ______.

Answer 42

interstitial growth

Question 43

Which statements characterize bone remodeling?

Answer 43

It can be stimulated by stress on a bone. It occurs at the periosteal and endosteal surfaces of a bone.

Question 44

During bone development, the liver releases somatomedin in response to ____ hormone

Answer 44

growth

Question 45

The hormone that is produced in the thyroid gland and has the greatest effect on children's blood calcium levels is

Answer 45

calcitonin

Question 46

The two primary hormones that regulate blood calcium are ______.

Answer 46

calcitriol and parathyroid hormone

Question 47

Osteoporosis is a disease of ______.

Answer 47

decreased bone mass

Question 48

PTH acts synergistically with calcitriol to Blank______ the release of calcium from the bone to the blood by Blank______ osteoclast activity.

Answer 48

increase; increasing