chapter 7 Flashcards
What was the Korean war?
1950-53
1) North invaded the Pro Amercian Government in the South and almost conquered it
2) South push back against the North with UN and USA support
3) China push back the South to ensure North isn’t taken over by the West
4) Stalemate at the 38th parallel in July 1953
Advantages of British involvement in the Korean War
- Invovlement showed British loyality to USA
- Britain founding member of UN (solidified it’s position)
- USA might not have been committed to Europe or NATO if Britain didn’t join
Disadvantages of British involvement in the Korean War
- Increased defence expenditures adding to economic difficulties after WW2
- Caused a split in the Labour Party
How did the Korean War affect US and Britian relationship?
- USA controlled political and strategic control (UK = junior partner)
- UK lost 700 men compared to USA’s 34k men
- Britain made the decision to invade the North but mainly Americans fighting
- Dec 1950 | Attlee met Truman to avoid nuclear warfare
What was the Suez Crisis of 1956?
Nasser wanted to nationalise the Suez Canal which was owned by an Anglo-American.
Britain and France didn’t want that to happen so with Israel they planned for
1) Israeli forces to enter through the Sinai Penisula
2) UK and France would tell both nations to stop as peacekeepers and send own forces
Advantages of British involvement in the Suez Canal
belief that Britain needed to intervene to
1) avoid the area from failing into Soviet control
2) defend Suez as 2/3 of the oil to Western Europe passed through it and 1/3 of ships using canal were British
Disadvantages of British involvement in the Suez Crisis
- US were against using force and UK didn’t consult Eisenhower
- USSR condemmed invasion as imperialist
- Nasser’s actions weren’t illegal so Eden has no justification
How did the Suez Crisis affect US and Britian relationship?
- US wanted a peaceful resolution and was highly against using force which Eisenhower repeated numerous time
- Invasion coincided with USSR’s invasion of Hungary making it difficult for Eisenhower to condemm the USSR
Narrate the events from the Falklands Crisis 1982
- 2nd Apr 1982 - Argentine forces invaded and captured the Island
- 5th Apr 1982 - Taskforce dispatched
- 2nd May 1982 - Sinking of Belgrano (360 deaths - Argentine ship) which led to the sinking of HMS Sheffield as retaliation
- 21st May 1982 - British troops landed on East Falklands (50 miles from captial - Port Stanley)
- 14th June 1982 - Argentine forces surrendered
Give Evidence of Skillful Handling of the Falkland Crisis
- Thatcher sent a taskforce 3 days after (swiftly)
- UN Security Council demanded Argentina to withdraw and said Britian’s actions were justified in law
- US Active Support allowed us to win -> allowed us to us the Ascension Island base and the US defence secretary (Weinberger) sent weapons and vital military intelligence
Give Evidence of Poor Handling of the Falklands Islands
- Costly for little gain (If Britain wanted to keep the island they would have to keep a military presence)
- £1.5mil per Islander to keep Falklands British
- Sinking of Belgrano was controversial
Narrate the Gulf War of 1991
- 2nd Aug 1990 - Saddem Hussein invaded Kuwait and now wants to invade Saudi Arabia (if he did he would have 50% of all the world’s oil)
-> President Bush made a coalition against Iraq with UN, Saudis and UAE
-> Britain joined and deployed 53k to invade Iraq - 17th Jan 1991 - Bombing of Iraq
- 24th Feb 1991 - Ground Invasion of Iraq
Evidence of Skillfull Handling of the Gulf War
- RAF helped to support US initiatives by bombing
- Thatcher helped to stiffen the approach tellings Bush “this is no time to go wobbly”
- UN was on UK/USA’s side as Iraq was in violation of the UN charter
- Major said he would create a “safe heaven” for the Kurds and protect them if they joined the war (no fly zone)
Evidence of Poor Handling of the Gulf War
- Hussein was allowed to stay in power and took revenge against the Iraqi Kurds who rose against him
- War was seen by many in the Middle East as British and American imperialism
How close was the relationship between Britain and USA? (overview - positives)
- strong ties of language, culture, trade and history
- Churchill in Mar 1946 called it a “special relationship” in his Sinews of Peace
- US and Britain fought alongside each other in WW2 and US troops were stationed in Britain
How was the relationship between Britain and USA? (overview - negatives)
- Britian in economic decline and could only provide limited support
- USA had security issues outside of Europe and Britain couldnt help especially after the UK lost it’s eastern bases in the early 1970s
Britain and USA relations in the 1950s
-> one :) and one :(
:) = Korean War 1950-53
-> Fought alongside each other
:( = Suez Crisis 1956
-> went against US approach and showed Britain couldn’t acted alone as they had to back out
Britian and USA relations in 1960s
-> one :) and two :(
:) = Kennedy Relationship
JFK saw Macmillan as a political father and consulted him during Berlin + Cuba crises (but Britain had no active role)
:( = Vietnam War
Wilson couldn’t afford to help Johnson in Vietnam which Johnson felt frustrated with and Wilson tried to broker peace but failed showing Britain had no control over US policy
:( = World Power Reduced
Rapid decolonisation and economic difficulties meaning British value to USA completely diminished
Britain and USA relations in 1970s
-> one :) and one :(
:) = Warmer Relation
“personal” chemistry w/ Callaghan and Carter
:( = Heath!
valued Europe over US and believe Britain’s relationship lay with Europe
Britain and USA relations in 1980s
-> three :) and three :(
:) = Thatcher and Reagan <333
Both opposed UN sanctions against apartheid and Libya bombing in April 1986
Falklands -> us intelligence assistance was vital to British victory
:( Areas of Disagreement
Thatcher hated Reagen’s willingness to bargain nuclear disarmament
Thatcher hated SDI (Strategic Defence Initiative)
Thatcher against Grenada invasion as it was in the commonwealth