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MUSCULAR SYSTEM > CHAPTER 7 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 7 Flashcards

1
Q

3 TYPES OF MUSCLES

A

SKELETAL
CARDIAC
SMOOTH

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2
Q

attached to bones
striated
voluntarily controlled

A

skeletal

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3
Q

located in the heart
striated
involuntarily controlled

A

cardiac

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4
Q

located in blood vessels, hollow organs
non-striated
involuntarily controlled

A

smooth

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5
Q

MUSCULAR SYSTEM FUNCTIONS (7)

A
  1. movement
  2. maintain posture
  3. respiration
  4. production of body heat
  5. communication
  6. heart beat
  7. contraction of organs and vessels
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6
Q

Properties of muscles

A

contractility
excitability
extensibility
elasticity

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7
Q

the ability of muscle to shorten forcefully or contract

A

contractility

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8
Q

the capacity of muscle to respond to a stimulus

A

excitability

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9
Q

the ability to be stretched beyond it normal resting length and still be able to contract

A

extensibility

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10
Q

ability of the muscle to recoil to it original resting length after it has been stretched

A

elasticity

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11
Q

constitutes about 40 precent of body weight

A

skeletal muscles

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12
Q

also called as striated muscles because of transverse bands or striations, can be seen in the muscles under the microscope

A

skeletal muscles

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13
Q

Individual muscles are

A

biceps
brachii

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14
Q

a skeletal muscles subdivided into groups of muscle cells

A

fascicles

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15
Q

each skeletal muscles is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the

A

epimysium

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16
Q

each fascicles is surrounded by a connective tissue covering

A

perimysium

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17
Q

each skeletal muscle cell (fiber) is surrounded by a connective tissue covering

A

endomysium

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18
Q

a single cylindrical cell with several nuclei located at its periphery

A

muscle fiber

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19
Q

range in length 1cm to 30 cm and are generally 0.15 mm in diameter

A

muscle fiber

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20
Q

contain several nuclei that are located at the periphery of the fiber

A

skeletal muscle fiber

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21
Q

has many tubelike inward folds,called transverse tubules or T tubules

A

sarcolemma (CELL MEMBRANE)

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22
Q

occur at regular intervals along the muscles fiber and extend into the center of the muscle fiber

A

T tubules

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23
Q

The T tubules are associated with enlarged portions
of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

sarcoplasmic reticulumm

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24
Q

The enlarged portions are called

A

terminal cisternae

25
Q

T tubules connect the sarcolemma to the terminal
cisternae to form a

A

muscle triad

26
Q

The cytoplasm of a muscle fiber is called

A

sarcoplasm

27
Q

bundles of protein filaments are called

A

myofibrils

28
Q

the myofibrils consists of

A

myofilaments, actin and myosin

29
Q

is a nerve cell stimulates muscle cells

A

motor neuron

30
Q

is a synapse where a
the fiber of a nerve connects with a muscle fiber.

A

neuromuscular junction

31
Q

refers to the cell-to-cell junction between a nerve cell and either another nerve cell or an effector cell such as in a muscle or a gland

A

synapse

32
Q

is a group of muscle fibers that a motor neuron stimulates

A

motor unit

33
Q

is the end of neuron cell axon fiber

A

presynaptic terminal

34
Q

is the space between the presynaptic terminal and postsynaptic membrane

A

synaptic celft

35
Q

is the muscle fiber membrane (sarcolemma)

A

postsynaptic membrane

36
Q

is a vesicle in the synaptic terminal that stores and releases neurotransmitter chemical

A

synaptic vesicle

37
Q

are chemicals that stimulate or inhibit postsynaptic cells

A

neurotransmitter

38
Q

is the neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscles

A

acetylcholine

39
Q

are very energy demanding cells wether at rest or during any form of exercise

A

muscle fibers

40
Q

is derived from four processes in skeletal muscle

A

ATP

41
Q

production of ATP during most exercise and normal conditions

A

aerobic

42
Q

production of ATP during intensive short-term work

A

Anaerobic

43
Q

called creatine phosphate to ATP

A

conversion of molecules

44
Q

is a temporary state of reduced work capacity

A

fatigue

45
Q

4 types of contractions

A

isometric
isotonic
concentric
eccentric

46
Q

contraction has an increase in
muscle tension, but no change in length.

A

isometric

47
Q

contraction has a change in
muscle length with no change in tension.

A

isotonic

48
Q

contractions are isotonic
contractions in which muscle tension increases
as the muscle shortens.

A

concentric

49
Q

contractions are isotonic contractions
in which tension is maintained in a muscle, but
the opposing resistance causes the muscle to
lengthen.

A

Eccentric

50
Q

is the constant tension produced by
body muscles over long periods of time.

A

muscle tone

51
Q

Each whole muscles is subdivided into numerous visible bundles called

A

MUSCLE FASCICLES

52
Q

cell membrane of the muscle fiber

A

SARCOLEMMA

53
Q

separate one sarcoomere from the nest

A

Z DISK

54
Q

is a network of protien fibers that forms a stationary anchor from actin myofilaments to attach

A

Z DISK

55
Q

Light straining bands

A

I BANDS

56
Q

central dark staining band

A

A BAND

57
Q

contains only myosin myofilaments

A

H ZONE

58
Q

consists of fine proteins filaments that anchor the myosin myofilaments in place

A

M LINE

59
Q
A

MUSCULAR SYSTEM (2 decks)

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