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Science > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a molecule?

A

two or more atoms of the same or different elements that are chemically joined together in a unit

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2
Q

What is a chemical formula?

A

notation that indicates the type of number of atoms in a pure substance

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3
Q

What is a molecular element?

A

a molecule consisting of atoms of the same element

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4
Q

What is a molecular compound?

A

a molecule that consists of two or more different elements

( H2O , CO2 )

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5
Q

What is a ion?

A

a particle that either has a positive or a negative charge

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6
Q

When does an ion form?

A

When an atom loses or gains one or more electrons without changing it’s # of protons

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7
Q

What are two different types of ions?

A

cation & anion

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8
Q

What type of ion is a cation?

A

positively charged ion

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9
Q

What type of ion is a anion?

A

negatively charged ion

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10
Q

what is a ionic compound?

A

a compound that consists of negatively and positively charged ions

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11
Q

What is another word for sodium chloride?

A

Table salt

  • due to ions of sodium and chloride being oppositely charged, attracting eachother *
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12
Q

What is the name for atoms joining with other atoms to form a larger unit?

A

Molecules

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13
Q

Molecules that contain the same elements are called…

A

Molecular elements

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14
Q

Can molecules contain atoms of different elements and atoms of the same elements?

A

Yes they can!

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15
Q

Molecules that contain atoms of different elements are called…

A

molecular compounds

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16
Q

What indicates the type and number of atoms in a pure substance

A

a chemical formula

17
Q

some compounds which contain charged atoms called ions are called..

A

ionic compounds

18
Q

What are diatomic molecules?

A

pure elements that form molecules consisting of two atoms bonded together

19
Q

What are the seven diatomic molecules?

A

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

20
Q

Atoms combine to become more ____

A

stable

21
Q

What are the most stable elements in the periodic table?

A

noble gases

  • have the maximum # of electrons in their outermost orbit
22
Q

How are alloys created?

A

created by melting two or more metals then mixing these hot liquids.

23
Q

How are alloys different from compounds?

A

in compounds join chemically to form pure substances

alloys are solutions of metals - metals don’t combine chemically

24
Q

Do metals lose electrons becoming cations?

A

Yes!

25
Q

Do non-metals gain electrons and become anions?

A

Yes!

26
Q

Why do Cations and Anions attract each other?

A

Because they have opposite charges

27
Q

what do ions of opposite charges create overtime?

A

they form layers overtime creating a crystal

28
Q

what is a covalent bond?

A

a bond formed when two non - metal atoms share electrons

29
Q

table salt, or sodium chloride (NaCl) is what type of compound?

A

ionic compound

30
Q

Non metals share __________ with other non-metals to make molecules

A

electrons

31
Q

The atoms in a molecule are held together by _____

A

covalent bonds

32
Q

Do many chemicals have both chemical names and names that are used in common knowledge?

A

yes!

33
Q

What is an example of a molecule?

A

Water (H2O)

each water molecule has:

2 hydrogen atoms & 1 oxygen atom covalently bonded to eachother

34
Q

what ingredient do many teeth whiteners contain?

A

hydrogen peroxide

35
Q

what is a catalyst?

A

a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction but is not used to speed up in the reaction

36
Q

What is the formula for hydrogen peroxide?

A

H2O2

37
Q

Can hydrogen peroxide easily compose into water and oxygen?

A

yes!
( h2 , O )
( O2)

38
Q

What are substances that are able to speed up chemical reactions

A

catalysts

39
Q

The newly released oxygen from the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide reacts with other chemicals, often producing a _______

A

bleaching effect

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