Chapter 7 Flashcards by Susan Heritage

Difference between openings/depressions and processes?

Depressions and openings allow passage of soft tissues and form joints; process are projections to form joints or attachments

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define fissure

Slit between adjacent parts of bone for nerves and vessels

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define foramen

Opening for passage of nerves, vessels, ligaments

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define fossa

Shallow depression

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define sulcus

Furrow for vessels, nerves, tendons

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define meatus

Tubelike opening

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What processes form joints?

Condyle, facet, head

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define condyle

Large, round protuberance with smooth articulate surface

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define facet

Smooth, flat, slightly concave or convex articular surface

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define crest

Prominent ridge or elongated projection

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define epicondyle

Roughened projection above condyle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a spinous process

Sharp, slender projection

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define trochanter

Very large projection

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define tubercle

Variably sized rounded projection

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define tuberosity

Variably sized projection with rough/bumpy surface

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where are the frontal sinuses?

Deep to frontal squama (forehead)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the markings of the temporal bones?

Zygomatic process (forms zygomatic arch with zygomatic bone), mandibular fossa (forms TMJ), mastoid portion (mastoid air cells), mastoid process (attachment for neck muscles), petrous portion (triangular part, between sphenoid and occipital bones, houses ear, carotid foramen, jugular foramen)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the markings of the occipital bone?

Foramen magnum (inferior part, medulla and other arteries and nerves), occipital condyle (articulates with cervical vertebrae for Atlanto-occipital joint), external occipital protuberance (attachment point for neck support)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the markings of the sphenoid bone?

Sella turcica (contains hypophyseal fossa)

Where is the ethmoid bone and what is its function?

Anterior to sphenoid bone, posterior to nasal bones, medial to orbits. Forms part of cranial floor, medial wall of orbits, superior part of nasal septum, and most of superior sidewalls of nasal cavity

What are the bones that make up the facial bones?

Nasal, lacrimal, palatine, inferior nasal conchae, vomer, maxillae, zygomatic bones, mandible

What is the hard palate?

Bony part of roof of mouth, formed by palatine process of maxillae and horizontal plates of palatine bones

What are the rami?

Perpendicular to body of mandible, has condylar process that articulates with temporal bone at mandibular fossa and articular tubercle

What forms the nasal septum

Vomer, ethmoid bone, and septs, cartilage

What bones form the orbits?

Frontal, sphenoid, maxilla, palatine, lacrimal, ethmoid, zygomatic

What are the major sutures in the skull?

Coronal (unites frontal and parietal), sagittal (between 2 parietal bones), lamboid (between parietal and occipital), squamous (between parietal and temporal)

What are the paranasal sinuses?

Cavities near nasal cavity, secrete mucus and allow for amplifying voice

What are fontanels?

Soft spots of dense connective tissues in infants before ossification

What is the hyoid bone

Does not articulate with other bones, suspended from styloid process, provides attachment for muscles

How many of each vertebrae are there?

7C, 12T, 5L, 1 sacrum of 5 fused vertebrae, 1 coccyx

What is the structure and function of the intervertebral discs?

Outer annulus fibrosus (fibrocartilage), inner nucleus pulposus. Have hyaline cartilage on inferior and superior surfaces. Form strong joints, permit movement, absorb shock.

What are the main parts of a vertebra?

Body, arch, 7 processes

What is the purpose of the vertebral arch?

Posterior to body, forms vertebral foramen containing spinal cord, adipose and areolar connective tissue, and blood vessels

What processes are on vertebrae?

Transverse process–extends laterally Spinous process–projects posteriorly from junction of laminae; attachment point for muscles Superior and inferior articular processes form intervertebral joints

What is the odontoid process?

Dens of axis, forms pivot for rotation of head. Forms articulation with atlas through arch of atlas

What are costal facets?

Articulate with ribs, form vertebrocostal joints

What age do sacral vertebra fuse?

16-18

Where is the sacral promontory?

Anteriorly projecting border of base

What are the parts of the sternum?

Superior manubrium, middle body, inferior xiphoid process

What is the sternal angle

Junction between manubrium and body

What is the depression on the sternum called?

Suprasternal notch

What process forms the sternoclavicular joint?

Clavicular notch

What is the difference between true and false ribs?

Presence of costal cartilage, attach to sternum, forming sternocostal joints (1-7)

What are vertebrochondral ribs

Join to each other and 7th rib with cartilage

What are floating ribs?

Don’t attach to sternum at all