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Biol235 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Difference between openings/depressions and processes?

A

Depressions and openings allow passage of soft tissues and form joints; process are projections to form joints or attachments

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2
Q

Define fissure

A

Slit between adjacent parts of bone for nerves and vessels

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3
Q

Define foramen

A

Opening for passage of nerves, vessels, ligaments

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4
Q

Define fossa

A

Shallow depression

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5
Q

Define sulcus

A

Furrow for vessels, nerves, tendons

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6
Q

Define meatus

A

Tubelike opening

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7
Q

What processes form joints?

A

Condyle, facet, head

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8
Q

Define condyle

A

Large, round protuberance with smooth articulate surface

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9
Q

Define facet

A

Smooth, flat, slightly concave or convex articular surface

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10
Q

Define crest

A

Prominent ridge or elongated projection

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11
Q

Define epicondyle

A

Roughened projection above condyle

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12
Q

What is a spinous process

A

Sharp, slender projection

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13
Q

Define trochanter

A

Very large projection

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14
Q

Define tubercle

A

Variably sized rounded projection

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15
Q

Define tuberosity

A

Variably sized projection with rough/bumpy surface

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16
Q

Where are the frontal sinuses?

A

Deep to frontal squama (forehead)

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17
Q

What are the markings of the temporal bones?

A

Zygomatic process (forms zygomatic arch with zygomatic bone), mandibular fossa (forms TMJ), mastoid portion (mastoid air cells), mastoid process (attachment for neck muscles), petrous portion (triangular part, between sphenoid and occipital bones, houses ear, carotid foramen, jugular foramen)

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18
Q

What are the markings of the occipital bone?

A

Foramen magnum (inferior part, medulla and other arteries and nerves), occipital condyle (articulates with cervical vertebrae for Atlanto-occipital joint), external occipital protuberance (attachment point for neck support)

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19
Q

What are the markings of the sphenoid bone?

A

Sella turcica (contains hypophyseal fossa)

20
Q

Where is the ethmoid bone and what is its function?

A

Anterior to sphenoid bone, posterior to nasal bones, medial to orbits. Forms part of cranial floor, medial wall of orbits, superior part of nasal septum, and most of superior sidewalls of nasal cavity

21
Q

What are the bones that make up the facial bones?

A

Nasal, lacrimal, palatine, inferior nasal conchae, vomer, maxillae, zygomatic bones, mandible

22
Q

What is the hard palate?

A

Bony part of roof of mouth, formed by palatine process of maxillae and horizontal plates of palatine bones

23
Q

What are the rami?

A

Perpendicular to body of mandible, has condylar process that articulates with temporal bone at mandibular fossa and articular tubercle

24
Q

What forms the nasal septum

A

Vomer, ethmoid bone, and septs, cartilage

25
Q

What bones form the orbits?

A

Frontal, sphenoid, maxilla, palatine, lacrimal, ethmoid, zygomatic

26
Q

What are the major sutures in the skull?

A

Coronal (unites frontal and parietal), sagittal (between 2 parietal bones), lamboid (between parietal and occipital), squamous (between parietal and temporal)

27
Q

What are the paranasal sinuses?

A

Cavities near nasal cavity, secrete mucus and allow for amplifying voice

28
Q

What are fontanels?

A

Soft spots of dense connective tissues in infants before ossification

29
Q

What is the hyoid bone

A

Does not articulate with other bones, suspended from styloid process, provides attachment for muscles

30
Q

How many of each vertebrae are there?

A

7C, 12T, 5L, 1 sacrum of 5 fused vertebrae, 1 coccyx

31
Q

What is the structure and function of the intervertebral discs?

A

Outer annulus fibrosus (fibrocartilage), inner nucleus pulposus. Have hyaline cartilage on inferior and superior surfaces. Form strong joints, permit movement, absorb shock.

32
Q

What are the main parts of a vertebra?

A

Body, arch, 7 processes

33
Q

What is the purpose of the vertebral arch?

A

Posterior to body, forms vertebral foramen containing spinal cord, adipose and areolar connective tissue, and blood vessels

34
Q

What processes are on vertebrae?

A

Transverse process–extends laterally
Spinous process–projects posteriorly from junction of laminae; attachment point for muscles
Superior and inferior articular processes form intervertebral joints

35
Q

What is the odontoid process?

A

Dens of axis, forms pivot for rotation of head. Forms articulation with atlas through arch of atlas

36
Q

What are costal facets?

A

Articulate with ribs, form vertebrocostal joints

37
Q

What age do sacral vertebra fuse?

A

16-18

38
Q

Where is the sacral promontory?

A

Anteriorly projecting border of base

39
Q

What are the parts of the sternum?

A

Superior manubrium, middle body, inferior xiphoid process

40
Q

What is the sternal angle

A

Junction between manubrium and body

41
Q

What is the depression on the sternum called?

A

Suprasternal notch

42
Q

What process forms the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Clavicular notch

43
Q

What is the difference between true and false ribs?

A

Presence of costal cartilage, attach to sternum, forming sternocostal joints (1-7)

44
Q

What are vertebrochondral ribs

A

Join to each other and 7th rib with cartilage

45
Q

What are floating ribs?

A

Don’t attach to sternum at all

Biol235 (6 decks)

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