CHAPTER 7 Flashcards
1
Q
The probe bodies used in our investigation of the visual
pattern of the patient are
A
Lenses and Prism
2
Q
• Are used for their specific effect upon accommodative
pattern.
A
Lenses
3
Q
• Are used for their specific effct upon convergence pattern.
A
Prism
4
Q
There are four basic changes that can be performed with prism and
lenses:
A
• Convex Sphere
• Concave Sphere
• Base-in prism
• Base-out pris
5
Q
• Convex Sphere it ?
The induced change?
A
The induced changes is as if the object move away from
the plane of regard.
6
Q
The size change observed in Convex sphere is that the target appears?
A
Larger
7
Q
CONCAVE sphere function
and it changes.
A
> STIMULATE ACCOMMODATION
> The induced change is as if the object is moved closer to
the observer.
8
Q
Concave size changed observed?
A
Target appears SMALLER
9
Q
BAse-IN PRISM function.
A
Inhibit Convegence
10
Q
BASE IN PRISM INDUCED CHANGES
A
The induced change as if the object is moved away from
the plane of regard.
11
Q
The size change observed in BASE IN PRISM
A
LARGER
12
Q
BASE OUT PRISM function and induced changes.
A
> STIMULATE CONVERGENCE
The induced change is as if the object moving closer to
the observer.
13
Q
The size change observed in Base out prism.
A
The size change observed is that the target become
SMALLER as it come CLOSER
14
Q
These are the test that have been listed as tests which influence the
accommodative pattern and convergence pattern.
A
VT # 10
VT #16 A
VT # 17A
15
Q
The stimulation or inhibitionof segment of visual pattern
can continued without affecting another portion of visual
pattern because of the ________?
A
Buffer Area
16
Q
Extent and integration of buffer area in CNS determines
the ______ or _______.
A
limit of of stimulation or inhibition
17
Q
We have three types of visual
problems, and these are the
following:
A
Poor
Reader
Accommodative
interference
Convergence
Interference
18
Q
The accommodative mechanism that functions through
a _________ mechanism is ______.
A
> Smooth muscle
Slow Acting
19
Q
The convergence mechanism which functions through a
_______ mechanism is______.
A
> Striated Muscle
Fast Acting
20
Q
Whenever two mechanism must coordinate their
activity, the slower functioning mechanism becomes
the
A
pace setter
21
Q
Proportionally 95% of all cases are accommodative or
what we called the
A
B-Type
22
Q
and the remaining 5% are
convergence or
A
C-Type
23
Q
In B-Type case, accommodation will be ________ and convergence will be ______,
A
accommodation will be away from the
organism and convergence will be toward the
organism,
24
Q
In B type Case we can expect that?
A
- Lens (Low)
+ Lens (High)
BO (Low)
BI (High)
25
C-Type case, accommodation will be _____ and convergence will be _______.
> towards the
organism and convergence will be away from the
organism.
26
What can we expect in
C-type Case?
- Lens (H)
+ Lens (L)
BO (L)
BI (H)
27
if the visual problem is of recent origin, therefore we
would expect both far point duction would be?
HIGH
28
stimulates the convergence at far.
BO
29
duction at far have different set of
circumstances
BI
30
what duction test that has a recent problem, will tolerate full
plus lens value.
11
31
It is a duction test that has advanced visual problem, cut plus,be conservative.
10
32
NEAR POINT DUCTIONS
the visual problem stars at Patients working distance
of.
16 inches or 40 cm
33
Base-in prism at near for the beginning visual
problem, the spread of the visual problem has not
progressed to the beyond the plane or regard,
therefore we expect No.17 to be ?
HIGH
34
Base-out prism at near, we very quickly enter the
spatial area where the patient has visual distortion,
therefore, perceptual rapport with the plane of regard
cannot be maintained and the patient will____?
double
under the base-out stimulus demand.
35
if the visual problem is recent as far as the near point
ductions are concerned, we would expect to have No.
16
LOW DUCTION
36
If 16B is LOW what would be the indication?
>recent problem, will tolerate full
plus lens value.
37
If 17B is low whatbwould be the indication?
>advanced visual problem, cut
plus,be conservative
38
11-16B resulted LOW, It indicates?
No. 11 and No. 16B test being low
indicate a recent visual problem
and readily accepts the maximum
plus found in VT 7
39
11-17B Indicates?
we are beginning to have a more
advanced visual problem.
40
10-16B LOW indicates?
No. 10 and No. 16 test being low we
have the development of a visual
problem which has spread to
farpoint.
41
11-17B LOW indicates?
this is the advanced stage of the
visual problem, it calls for
reduction of lens application for
both far and near.
42
What are the VT for PROTECTION TO CONVERGENCE.
PHORIA TEST
3,13A , 8, 13B, 15A, 15B
43
What are the VT for PROTECTION TO ACCOMMODATION.?
4,5,6,14A,14B
>Retinoscopy and Cossed cylindr test
44
What are the test for POTENTIAL OF INHIBITION.
>9,16A,17A, 20,21
>Blurr Tests
45
VT for LEARNED RELATIONSHIPS
> 10,11,16B 17B
>Duction Break Tests
46
What are the VT for DEGREE OF ORGANIZATION
10,11,16B
Duction Recovery Test
47
What are the VT for PROTECTION OF ACCOMMODATION AGAINST SENILITY.
19 Amplitude of Accommodation
48
It determines whether the patient can utilize full
Plus lens application or whether a minimum plus lens application
must be used.
case typing
49
It refers to the maximum lens values found in the subjective at far
(VT no. 7) and the MSDA at near.
FULL PLUS MEAN
50
ANALYTICAL TESTS INCLUDED IN CASE TYPING are
VT no. 10 - Convergence Test at Far
VT no. 11 - Abduction Test at Far
VT no. 16B -Positive Fusional Reserve Test at Near
VT no. 17B - Negative Fusional Reserve Test at Near
51
PERFORMING PHORIA TEST
TO DETERMINE THE FOLLOWING:
EXTENT OF
VISUAL PROBLEM
EFFECT OF LENS
UPON
CONVERGENCE
DETERMINE A
LAG
TYPE OF VISUAL
PROBLEM
TYPE OF VISUAL
CARE NEEDS
52
The protection available to the
organism against blurred
vision is
HYPEROPIA
53
Is an eyeball which is too short for its
refractive power.
HYPEROPIA
54
Defined as that the point on the
luminous conoid which gives
maximum intensity of energy per
unit area.
Focus
55
A condition in which the subject must more than the
normal amount of accommodation for the test distance
in order to maintain standard acuity.
Hyperopia
56
Amount of accommodation free of convergence with
fixation at far.
Hyperopia
57
Five analytical tests are performed in order to determine the amount of latitude of
performance in the accommodative pattern.
4,5,6,14A,14B (Objective)
58
The testing conditions for the static retinoscopy (No.4) test are arranged for
maximum inhibition to accommodation with farpoint fixation. These
conditions are:
(a) extra plus spheres before each eye;
(b) gross fixation target;
(c) dim light; and
(d) flickering light in one eye which tends to create dissociation.
59
● Compare with the static
retinoscopy
#5 net
60
Unimpaired
individual in dynamic if?
#5 net is higher in plus
than the static
retinoscopy test value
61
Impairment
develops in #5 net if
#5 net value in relation
to the static retinoscopy
decreases, and finally,
value becomes equal to
the static retinoscopy
test value
62
It is the measurement of the negative relative
accommodation at an intermediate fixation distance.
#6 dynamic petinoscopy at 40 inches
63
Unimpaired
individual in #6
#6 net is higher in plus than
the static retinoscopy test
value
64
Impairment has
developed in #6
#6 net value decreases and
becomes less in plus than static
retinoscopy test.
65
This correction factor for the influence of convergence
upon accommodation is termed as____?.
● A conversion factor of ____ is used.
>Lag
>6:1
66
It serves as basis for the
determination of the prescriptable lens at near.
• Cross cylinder NETS
67
It is one of
diagnostic symptoms in determining the degree of
embedding.
14A and 14B nets
68
• If 14B net is lower in plus sphere than 14A, we have one
of the characteristic symptoms of the______
disembedded
visual pattern.
69
14B NET is greater in plus sphere than the 14A net, we
have one of the characteristic symptoms for the_____
embedded or structured visual pattern.
70
We obtain the following information from the test
which measures the protection available to the
pattern of accommodation:
4,5,6,14A net ,14B net
71
This test differs from the remaining
blur findings in that it is performed
at the 20 ft. test distance and the
end point of the test is a blur
equivalent to that created by a plus
0.25 D sphere.
#9 Treue Adduction at far
72
In performing this test, we are
measuring a certain target (spatial),
latitude or degree of flexibility
between the important components
of the visual pattern.
#9 True
Adduction
73
We are measuring a time-spatial
relationship between convergence
and accommodation.
#9 True
Adduction
74
In VT #9 LOW means:
Disembedded or disorganized
relationship
75
In VT #9 HIGH means:
Embedded or organized
relationship
76
These tests measure the potential of inhibition as one component of the visual pattern is
stimulated or inhibition to its maximum degree at near point.
16A POSITIVE RELATIVE CONVERGENCE
17A NRC
20 PRA
21 NRA
77
It measure the potential of inhibition as one
component of the visual pattern is stimulated or inhibited to its maximum degree at
near point.
Positive Relative Convergence 16A
78
It measures the ability of the organism to tolerate
the movement of convergence away from him, while accommodation is at the plane
of regard.
Negative Relative Convergence 17A
79
It represents
the range in accommodation pattern to withstand the stimulation and inhibition of
that function without causing an overt movement in convergence.
Positive Relative accommodation 20
and
Negative Relative accommodation 21
80
VERTICAL DUCTION
RIGHT SUPRA DUCTION
RIGHT INFRA DUCTION
81
LATERAL DUCTION
CONVERGENCE TEST @ FAR
ABDUCTION
POSITIVE FUSIONAL RESERVE
NEGATIVE FUSIONAL RESERVE
82
AS TO TYPE OF PRISM
USE FOR LEARNED RELAYIONSHIP BETWEEN ACCM. CONV.
BI, BD, BO, BU
BI ( 11,17A)
BO (10 )
BD (right supra duction)
BU (Right zinfra duction)
83
THE LEARNED
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
ACCOMMODATION AND
ACCOMMODATION AND
CONVERGENCE AS TO TEST DITANCE:
FAR :
CONVERGENCE @ FAR 10
ABDUCTION 11
RIGHT SUPRA DUCTION 12B
RIGHT INFRADUCTION 12B
NEAR (16in)
POSITIVE FUSIONAL RESERVE 16B
NEGATIVE FUSIONAL RESERVE 17B
RIGHT SUPRA DUCTION 18B
RIGHT INFRA DUCTION
84
TYPE OF STIMULUS USED FOR LEARNED RELATIONSHIP:
Stimulatory to convergence (BO)
Inhibitory to convergence (BI)
85
TYPE OF SPATIAL MOVEMENT FOR LEARNED RELATIONSHIP:
BASE OUT- move convergence towards the observer
BASE IN- move convergence away from the observer.
86
when we break the bincular space lattice by means of a prism we are measuring the magnitude of the learned relationship betwee. thenpattern of accomm and conv within _______.
Centran Nervous System
87
when stimulus pattern disparity has reached the functional limit of integration (outer limit of panum’s area) diplopia will ensure.
break
88
Ecessive blurring of the target stimulus pattern due to the conditioned accommodative changeand the resultant fusional desire.
Break
89
Excessive movement of convergence pattern has reached the psychophysiological limits
of panum’s area
Break
90
fusional
limits at near (Learned relationship)
BO 21^
BI 22^
BU 6^
BD 6^
91
visually
unimpaired (learned relationship)
Break finding is high
92
Visually Imapired (Learned relationship)
Break findings are usually very low
93
degree of the visual
problem (LR) if 11&16B are both LOW
(Simple Visual Probem)
94
degree of the visual
problem (LR) if
11&17B are both LOW
More Intensive Visual Problem
95
degree of the visual
problem (LR) if #10 and either of nearpoint duction test are low
Very more intense visual problem
96
SILO means in law of silo
SMALL IN LARGE OUT
97
measures the degree of integration between
accommodation and convergence
RECOVERY
98
the sooner patient regains single binocular vision (G)
highly integrated visual pattern
99
G. require considerable reduction in the amount of
prism before single binocular vision s regained
poor visual pattern
100
G. RECOVERY
performance ability which
has been existed for a
considerable period of time
“embedded” / “organized”
HIGH
101
G. RECOVERY
very inefficient and poorly
integrated visual response
“disembedded” /
“disorganized”
LOW
102
undesirable situation of diplopia is within the limits of the organizational
ability of the CNS to resolve the dilemma
Recovery fusion
103
Expected Values of Recovery Farpoint 10&11
1/2 of the expected break values
104
Expected Values of Recovery 16B&17B
2/3
3/4
105
higher than their expected values, recovery values must stay in ratio
Break Points
106
measures the reserve in the accommodative pattern to
preserve clear vision in spite of advances in senility
Amplitude of Accommodation
107
latitude built into the accommodative pattern
to withstand the ravages of advancing age upon clear vision.
It is more than just the measure of lenticular accommodation; it is the measure of
total accommodation.
AA
108
WHAT ARE TOTAL ACCOMMODATION
lenticular accommodation
aberrational accommodation
psychic accommodation
tonic accommodation.
109
contraction of the ciliary muscles forcing the ciliary processes against the anterior
surface of the lens
lenticular accommodation
110
provides the same extension (or range) in the focus mechanism that fusional
convergence (Panum's areas) provides in the convergence mechanism for single vision.
aberrational accommodation
111
amount of lenticular accommodation in action due to the emotional and psychological
reaction of the subject to the surrounding environment.
psychic accommodation
112
the lenticular poise under the conditions of far-point fixation with maximum inhibition to
activity.
tonic accommodation.
113
The ______ of the organism is an important measure of the
presence of a visual problem..
total accommodative amplitude
114
TEST DISTANCE OF AA
16 “
