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Kinesiology > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of macronutrients

A

Carbs, Protein and Fats

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2
Q

What is the macronutrient that is the main energy supplier

A

Carbs

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3
Q

What is Carbs Monomer

A

Glucose (Stored as Glycogen)

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4
Q

What is proteins Monomer

A

Amino Acid

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5
Q

What is Fats Monomer

A

Fatty Acids (Stored as triglycerides)

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6
Q

Define an Anaerobic System

A

A system that doesn’t need oxygen to function

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7
Q

Define an Aerobic System

A

A system that needs oxygen to function

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8
Q

What is ATP

A

A Common energy molecule

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9
Q

How can ATP be restored

A

The 3 metabolic pathways

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10
Q

What are the 3 metabolic pathways

A

ATP-PC, Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

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11
Q

What is the Anaerobic Alactic System commonly known as

A

ATP-PC System

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12
Q

What is the Anaerobic Lactic System commonly known as

A

Glycolysis system

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13
Q

What is the Aerobic System commonly known as

A

Cellular Respiration

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14
Q

How does the ATP-PC System work

A

Phosphocreatine bonds with ADP to create 1 ATP molecule

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15
Q

How long does ATP last for in the ATP-PC system

A

10 - 15 seconds

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16
Q

What sports is the ATP-PC system best for

A

100m sprints, Long jump, Weight lifting

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17
Q

How does the glycolysis system work

A

Glycolysis can be broken down into ATP molecules creating pyruvate

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18
Q

What happens when you have sufficient oxygen in the glycolysis system

A

pyruvate is the byproduct and continues to the cellular respiration system

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19
Q

What happens when there is no oxygen available in the glycolysis system

A

Pyruvate turns into pyruvic acid and then turns into lactate

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20
Q

How is Lactate formed

A

Pyruvate bonds with 2 H+ ions released during ATP breakdown and muscles become more acidic and fatigued

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21
Q

How long does ATP last when using the Glycolysis system

A

90 seconds - 2 minutes

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22
Q

How many ATP molecules does the glycolysis system make per glucose molecule

A

2 ATP molecules per Glucose molecule

23
Q

How many chemical reactions does the glycolysis system undergo

A

11 reactions

24
Q

What sports are best for the glycolysis sytstem

A

Hockey, Hurdles, Speed Skating

25
Q

How does cellular respiration work

A

Glycolysis converts into pyruvic acid is converted into Acetyl CoA

Acetyl CoA then enters the Kreb Cycle (Citric acid cycle)

Once the 2 ATP molecules are produced they are sent to the Electron Transport Chain

The ETC is in the mitochondria and a large amount of ATP is produced (32 ATP molecules)

26
Q

What happens in the Kreb cycle

A

During the Kreb cycle (Citric Acid Cycle…
2 ATP produced
CO2 byproduct
compounds capable of storing high energy electrons produced (NADH and FADH2)

they are then sent to the ETC

8 chemical reactions are undergone

27
Q

What happens in the Electron Transport Chain

A

32 ATP molecules are produced but in total 36 are produced during cellular respiration

The chain is a series of electrons and proteins that accept and donate electrons in a series

CO2 and H2O are the by products

The final electron acceptor is O2

28
Q

What is the Byproduct of cellular Respiration (ETC)

A

CO2 and H2O are the by products

29
Q

How are fats stored in the body

A

Triglycerides

30
Q

Define Lipolysis

A

Process that turns fatty acids into energy

31
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle fibers

A

Type 1: Slow Oxidative
Type 2A: Fast Oxidative Glycolysis
Type 2X: Fast Glycolysis

32
Q

Which muscle fiber contains the highest amount of Myoglobin

A

Slow Oxidative

33
Q

Which muscle fiber is Anaerobic and Aerobic

A

Fast Oxidative Glycolysis

34
Q

Which Muscle fiber has the lowest amount of Myoglobin

A

Fast Glycolysis

35
Q

What is Myoglobin

A

A red protein that stores oxygen in the muscle cell

36
Q

What sport is best for Cellular Respiration

A

Cross-country Skiing, Marathon running and Soccer

37
Q

How long does the ATP from Cellular Respiration last for

A

3 minutes

38
Q

What is the cori Cycle

A

Lactate is metabolized back into pyruvic acid in the liver (Cori Cycle). This Cycle is important in preventing acid build-up during activity in the muscles as well removing and resynthesizing it to glucose at rest.

39
Q

Does the ATP-PC system produce a by product

A

NO

40
Q

What is the enzyme that breaks down PC in ATP-PC

A

Creatine Kinase

41
Q

What causes the burn

A

H+ ions build up in the muscle which changes the pH

The muscle becomes acidic and competes with Ca+ for troponin binding sites

42
Q

What happens to the lactate after it is removed

A

It will be synthesised into glucose with is a process called gluconeogenesis

43
Q

Why is the cori cycle important

A

It prevents acid buildup during activity in the muscles and removes/synthesises it into glucose to rest

44
Q

What factor play a role when using protein supplements

A

Training load, training goals, daily energy requirements, typical diet, appetite post workout, budget and general diet intake

45
Q

Most athletes should be able to get the proper amount of protein intake thru diet… Which athletes are the exception?

A

endurance athletes in heavy training, athletes looking to build muscle mass, vegetarians.

46
Q

Which foods are known as “High Biological Value Proteins”

A

Animal based proteins such as dairy foods, eggs, meat, fish and poultry as well as isolated soy protein contain all of the essential amino acids needed by the body.

47
Q

Which foods are known as “Low Biological Value Proteins”

A

Plant based proteins because they only contain only some of the essential amino acids

48
Q

How can protein be classified as

A

Protein can be classified as their nutrient profile (Providing protein only) or a protein blend which is several proteins.

There are also supplements that supply both carbs and protein

Some supplements also have additional ergogenic ingredients such as creatine, specific amino acids, proposed fat metabolisers, vitamins and minerals.

49
Q

How are 50% of lipids that are used by muscle delivered

A

By circulation

50
Q

What are some things you need to take into consideration when using fat as a fuel during exercise

A

Amount of fatty acids in arterial blood
Muscle blood flow
Oxygen level

51
Q

Where are 50% of triglycerides stored

A

In the muscle

52
Q

What happens during lipolysis

A

Fatty acids are converted into Acetyl-CoA and the enters the kreb cycle and continues making ATP in cellular respiration

53
Q

Pros of training the Anaerobic Lactic system

A

Increased efficiency of lactate buffering

More blood flow allows for diffusion of lactate and metabolism to glycogen in the liver

when there is a reduced rate of lactate byproduct more pyruvate continues to cellular respiration

Kinesiology (1 decks)

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