CHAPTER 7

Question 1

What is a defining characteristic of behavior analysis?

Answer 1

Functional relations between behavior and it’s controlling variables

Question 2

What is the independent variable in experiments?

Answer 2

The variable being manipulated or controlled by the experimenter (treatment)

Question 3

What is the dependent variable in experiments?

Answer 3

The target behavior, precisely a measurable dimensional quantity of that behavior( example: rate,duration)

Question 4

What must one have to gain experimental control?

Answer 4

The experimenter must control the IV

Question 5

Repeated measures of the subject’s behavior

Answer 5

important for assessing whether unplanned environmental changes are of concern

Question 6

Fundamental rule of experimentation

Answer 6

Means changing only ONE VARIABLE AT A TIME

Question 7

Applied research is conducted in which type of settings?

Answer 7

where socially important behaviors naturally occur (example: at school, home)

Question 8

What is an Experimental Design?

Answer 8

arrangement of conditions in a study so that meaningful comparisons of the effects of presence, absence, or different values of the IV can be made

Question 9

Parametric Analysis ?

Answer 9

USED TO MEASURE THE RANGE OF VALUES IN THE IV
(reinforcer magnitude, delays,rates,etc)

Question 10

What type of baseline is the most desirable basis to look for the effects of an IV?

Answer 10

Stable baseline

Question 11

Functional relations are demonstrated when?

Answer 11

Observed variations in behavior can be attributed to manipulations of the independent variable (treatment plan)

Question 12

What does it mean to have high Internal Validity?

Answer 12

When an experiment shows that changes in behavior are a function of the independent variable and not the result of unknown variables

Question 13

True or False: Single-subject research designs always involve only a single participant

Answer 13

FALSE

Question 14

True or False: Single-case experiments in ABA will always yield a functional relation

Answer 14

FALSE

Question 15

Behavior analysts assume that behavioral variability is _____ to the organism

Answer 15

Extrinsic

Question 16

What is Determinism?

Answer 16

The universe is a lawful and orderly place and that natural phenomenon occur in relation to other natural events

Question 17

Steady State Strategy

Answer 17

Exposing a subject to a given condition while trying to eliminate/control any extraneous influences on the behavior and obtaining a stable pattern of responding before introducing the next condition

Question 18

Baseline logic entails 3 elements: what are they?

Answer 18

Prediction, verification, and replication

Question 19

Dependent or Independent variable: The effects of study cards on the rate of homework completion

Answer 19

Dependent

Question 20

Dependent or Independent variable: Number of words spelled correctly following a spelling quiz review

Answer 20

Dependent

Question 21

Dependent or Independent variable: The effect of a token reinforcement plus praise treatment package on student hand raising

Answer 21

Independent

Question 22

Baseline logic: Replication

Answer 22

Repeating experiments to determine the reliability of the findings

Question 23

What is a major threat to internal validity?

Answer 23

Confounding variables: uncontrolled variables suspected to exert an influence on the target behavior(dependent variable)

Question 24

What is external validity?

Answer 24

The degree to which a study’s results are generalizable to other settings, subjects, and/or behaviors

Question 25

Hallmark of ABA is…..

Answer 25

Systematically repeated measurements of behavior

Question 26

the baseline serves as the….

Answer 26

control condition

Question 27

Steady/stable state responding

Answer 27

Provides the basis for a powerful form of experimental reasoning used in behavior analysis, called baseline logic

Question 28

Ascending or Descending baselines

Answer 28

represents deteriorating performance signals an immediate application of the independent variable

Question 29

baseline logic: prediction

Answer 29

if no changes were made, continued measurement would be shown on a graph with OPEN-CIRCLE data points within the boxed area

Question 30

baseline logic: verification

Answer 30

Prior level of responding would have remained unchanged had the independent variable not been introduced (shown as solid points within the shaded box on the graph)

Question 31

baseline logic: replication

Answer 31

repeating independent variable manipulations conducted previously in the study to obtain similar outcomes ( solid data points within cross-hatched box on graphs)

Question 32

Replication reduces….??

Answer 32

the probability that a variable other than the independent variable was responsible for the behavior change