Chapter 7

Question 1

Why does the population of inland grizzly not increase even with the helping hand of wildlife managers?

Answer 1

Due to them sharing the same habitat with black bears, and consuming the same food, even though they don’t directly interact the black bear still consumes a lot of the salmon, leaving fewer resources for the grizzly population.

Question 2

What is exploitative competition?

Answer 2

When one species more efficiently consumes or uses shared resources

Question 3

What is interference competition?

Answer 3

When two species become aggressive towards eachother due to the lack of resources in order to increase access to limited resources

Question 4

Does interspecific competition always have a negative effect on both species involved? Use an example in the book to prove your point

Answer 4

No, interspecific competition does not always have to have negative effect on both species. In the experiment that Gauss had done the findings where that if a species realized niche intersects with another species. One of the species will eliminate the other species in order to get access to the limited resources. he did this with paracimia and bacteria cells as the resources

Question 5

What is a species fundamental niche

Answer 5

The full range of conditions whether abiotic or biotic and resources in which individuals of a species can survive and reproduce

Question 6

What is a realized niche

Answer 6

It is a niche space that individual of a species can access alongside their competitors

Question 7

What is the competitive exclusion principle?

Answer 7

When two species overlap in their resource use, the species with an advantage in getting the resources will drive the other species extinct

Question 8

Does carrying capacity of a population increase or decrease when placed with another species with interspecific competition?

Answer 8

The carrying capacity decreases due to the other species hijacking some of the resources .

Question 9

A situation where an organism has unrestricted access to all the resources it needs to survive and reproduce is called what?

Choose one:
A. reproductive potential
B. fundamental niche
C. realized niche
D. carrying capacity

Answer 9

B

Question 10

if 2 species use the same resources does that mean they have the same carrying capacity?

Answer 10

No because the two species have diff fundemental niches and each carrying capacity is specific to each species

Question 11

What is a phase plane graph and what does it represent?

Answer 11

A graph that represents both population densities of 2 species, the x axis represents the pop den of species 1 and the y represents species 2 pop den

Question 12

What do 2 crossing isoclines represent?

Answer 12

shared point of intersection where both populations have zero growth simulateanously

Question 14

The figure below represents a zero-growth isocline for species 1, which represents all combinations of population densities for species 1 and 2, for which there is zero growth for species 1.

What does the endpoint of the isocline K1/α represent?

Choose one:
A. At this point no individuals of species 2 are present because they have been completely replaced by species 1, which is at its carrying capacity.
B. At this point the population growth rate for species 1 is the highest, based on the position of the point on the x-axis.
C. At this point there are no individuals of species 1 present because species 2 has completely replaced species 1 and has reached the carrying capacity of species 1.
D. At this point the population growth rate for species 2 is the highest, based on the position of the point on the y-axis.

Answer 14

C

Question 15

In the Lotka-Volterra model below, you will notice that each population will stop growing at its own carrying capacity before it completely occupies the other species’ carrying capacity. What does this tell us about intraspecific versus interspecific competition between the species?

Choose one:
A. Intra- and interspecific competition are the same along each of the two isoclines.
B. The two species exert the maximum impact on each other’s population.
C. Interspecific competition has a more negative effect on population growth than intraspecific.
D. Intraspecific competition has a more negative effect on population growth than interspecific.

Answer 15

D. based on the graph, you will see that K1/α is greater than K2 and K2/β is greater than K1, hence the conclusion.

Question 16

Based on the Lotka-Volterra model, which statement about carrying capacity and species coexistence is most likely true?

Choose one or more:
A. Species with similar carrying capacities are more likely to coexist than species with different carrying capacities.
B. Species with similar resource use but very different carrying capacities are more likely to coexist than species with similar resource use and similar carrying capacities.
C. Species with different carrying capacities are more likely to coexist than species with similar carrying capacities
D. Doubling the carrying capacities of two competing species should increase the likelihood that the species will coexist.

Answer 16

A. Yes! Typically, when species have similar carrying capacities and different resource use, they are more likely to coexist than species with different carrying capacities.