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intro to psych > Chapter 7 - 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

Logical Concept:

A

Clearly defined rules for membership things like

  • Math
  • Triangle has three sides
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2
Q

Natural Concept

A

Fuzzy rules for membership

  • Freedom
  • Justice
  • Honor
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3
Q

Concepts:

A

Mental categories we use to group objects, events, and ideas according to their features.

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4
Q

Problem-solving

A
  1. Algorithms
  2. Heuristics
  3. Insight
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5
Q

Algorithms

A

Step-by-step set of rules with a definite solution

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6
Q

Heuristics

A

Rule of thumb but, theres no guaranteed solution

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7
Q

Insight

A

The aha moment

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8
Q

Mental roadblock set impede decision making

A
  1. Availability
  2. Heuristics
  3. Functional fixedness
  4. Mental set
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9
Q

Availability heuristic

A

Base decisions on examples we most easily recall

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10
Q

Functional fixedness

A

Inability to see how familiar objects can be used in new ways

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11
Q

Mental set

A

Rely on strategies that worked well in similar situations in the past

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12
Q

Grammar VS Syntax

A

Grammar rules of word

Syntax rules of grammar

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13
Q

Motives

A

Goal directed behavior

Reason for doing something

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14
Q

Needs

A

State of deprivation or deficiency

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15
Q

Drive

A

Bodily tension that makes me move

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16
Q

Primary drives

A

Food and water

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17
Q

Secondary drive

A

Money, respect, and ones goals

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18
Q

Balance body

A

Homeostasis

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19
Q

Psychosocial need

A

Self actualization:

Need for achievement and a social life

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20
Q

Need for food

A

Last on the pyramid

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21
Q

Sexual response cycle

A

Excitement phase
Plateau phase
Orgasmic phase
Resolution phase

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22
Q

Maturation

A

Biological unfolding of the organisms underlying genetic code

Getting old

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23
Q

Stages of prenatal development

A

Germinal stage
Embryonic stage
Fetal

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24
Q

Germinal stage

A

Time from fertilization through implantation

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25
Q

Embryonic stage

A

Implantation, eight weeks, and major organs formed

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26
Q

Fetal

A

Fetus develops, growing until birth

27
Q

Teratogens

A

Environmental causes
Drugs
Alcohol
X-rays

28
Q

The Good Stuff

A

Vitamins

Folic acid

29
Q

Infant sensory, perceptual, and learning abilities

A

Around six months depth perception

Perceptual vision is blurry

Learning abilities remembers faces and certain behaviors

30
Q

Piaget’s terms

A

Conservation: same amount example

Centration: concentrate on one aspect of a problem and forget the others

Egocentrism: view the world only from one’s own perspective child believes everyone can see and hear and feels just like them

31
Q

Carol Gilligan

A

Women are the caregivers worried more about the children

Men are more about justice

32
Q

Kübler (Stages of dying)

A

Last one acceptance

33
Q

Stress

A

Pressure to help adjust or adapt to its environment

34
Q

Distress VS Stress

A

Distress: may take form of serious psychological problems like anxiety and depression

Stress: A good amount can be beneficial

35
Q

Little stressors are known as

A

hassles

36
Q

Major sources of stress

A
  1. Money
  2. Work
  3. Relationships
  4. Family relationships
37
Q

What is a conflict?

A

Tension between two or more competing goals

38
Q

Personality

A

Stable lineup of characteristics and behaviors that build who we are over time

39
Q

Type A

A

Impatient, competitive, or aggressive

40
Q

Type b

A

Easy-going and maintains low levels of stress

41
Q

Locus of Control:

A

External out of control versus internal in control

The degree wether people believe they have control over the outcome of events or not

42
Q

Psycho analytic theory

A

Personality shipped by unconscious forces and conflicts

43
Q

Oedipus complex

A

Infectious feelings towards opposite sex parents and sees same gender parent as rival

44
Q

Structure of personality

A

ID: unconscious, animal drives

Ego: balance between animal drives and social realties

Super ego: moral guardian or conscience

45
Q

Traits Theories

A

Allport:

believed personality traits are inherited but are influenced by experience

Cardinal- persuasive trait becomes ones identity
Secondary- certain situations
Central- characteristics in almost everyone

Cattell:

believed that there are two basic levels of traits, surface traits and source traits

Eysenck: 
Intro- reserved 
Extra-outgoing 
Neuro- worrisome 
Psychoticism- cold anti social

Five Factor Model

O
C
E
A
N
46
Q

Albert Bandura

A

Reciprocal determinism:

person’s behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment.

47
Q

Humanistic theory

A

Self actualization

48
Q

Individualistic

A

A culture that emphasizes personal accomplishment and identity

49
Q

Collectivistic

A

A culture that emphasizes peoples obligations and social roles

50
Q

First impressions

A

First glimpse judged

51
Q

Stereotyping

A

Influence his first impression

EX: fraternity students big drinkers

52
Q

Attributions

A

Personal explanation about why someone did something

EX: guy is late with my pizza because he was eating shit

53
Q

Dispositional attribution

A

Lazy Late pizza guy

54
Q

Situational attribution

A

Late because of traffic

55
Q

Components of attitude

A

Emotional cognitive and behavioral

56
Q

Self disclosure

A

process of communication by which one person reveals information about themself to another.

57
Q

Robert Sternberg

A

Triangle of love

Intimacy

Passion

Decision/Commitment

58
Q

Hallucinations

A

See and hear things are not really happening (perception)

59
Q

Delusion

A

False beliefs

60
Q

Perception VS Beliefs

A

Perception receiving sensory info

Belief convictions that things held in the mind are true. If individuals think particular tenets are likely to be true,

61
Q

To measure abnormal behavior psychologist use the:

A

Biopsychosocial model

62
Q

Personality disorder

A

Rigid personality impairs peoples ability to adjust to social environments with others

63
Q

Levels of consciousness

A

Unconscious
Preconscious
conscious

intro to psych (2 decks)

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