Chapter 7 Flashcards
retina
receptive surface on eye that contains photoreceptors (rods and cones) and other neurons (bipolar and ganglion cells)
transduction
conversion of one form of energy to another
cornea
transparent outer layer of eye; bends light rays
what is the cornea responsible for?
forming image on retina
refraction
beinging of light rays by change in density of beium
lens
structure in eye that helps focus an image on the retina
accommodation
process where ciliary muscles adjust lens to bring nearby objects into focus
myopia
nearsightedness; inability to focus the retinal image of objects that are far away
extraocular muscle
muscle attached to eyeball that controls its position and movements
photoreceptor
cell in neuron that responds to light
rods
photoreceptor that is most active in low levels of light
cones
photoreceptor that is most active in high levels of light
bipolar cell
interneuron that receives information from photoreceptors and passes information to ganglion cells
ganglion cell
any cell in the retina whose axons aid in the formation of the optic nerve
optic nerve
cranial nerve II; collection of ganglion cell axons that extends from retina to brain
amacrine cells
contacts both bipolar and ganglion cells
what is special about amacrine cells?
they have important inhibitory interactions within the retina
scotopic system
system in retina that operates in low levels of light using rods
photopic system
system in retina that operates in high levels of light using cones
convergence
one cell receives many different signals from different cells
rhodopsin
photopigment in rods that responds to light
pupil
opening formed by the iris that allows light to enter the eye
iris
provides opening to form pupil
