chapter 7

Question 1

-motor
-pyramidal decussation (cervicomedullary junction)

Answer 1

lateral corticospinal tract

Question 2

-sensory (vibration, joint position, fine touch)
-internal arcuate fibers (lower medulla)

Answer 2

posterior column medial lemniscal pathway

Question 3

-sensory (pain, temp, crude touch)
-anterior commissure (spinal cord)

Answer 3

anterolateral pathway

Question 4

somatosensory pathway refers to?

Answer 4

touch, pain, vibration, proprioception (understand joint and limb position)

Question 5

superficial sensory information is considered?

Answer 5

touch, pain and temp

Question 6

muscoskeletal sensory information refers to?

Answer 6

pain and proprioception (body static joint position)

Question 7

-fast conduction
-first order neuron synapses with 2nd order neuron in dorsal horn, 2nd order neuron crosses midline (1-5 spinal segments) above or below. then axons extend contralaterally then make it way to VPL, axons third order neuron to sensory cortex
-sharp back pain trying to lift something

Answer 7

neospinothalmis

Question 8

slower conduction and divergent (go in different directions)
-dural thrombing after sharp pain that follows

Answer 8

paleospinothalamic

Question 9

____ and ___ are parrallel tracts through anterolateral pathway

Answer 9

neospinothalamic and paleospinothalamic

Question 10

explain difference between A delta fiber and C fibers

Answer 10

1. A delta fibers: info about cooling and fast
2. C fibers info about heat, slower, sharp pain followed by dull pain

Question 11

Lesion in the VPL causes?

Answer 11

interrupts the ability to localize the pain stimulus

Question 12

explain DCML vs Neospinothalamic

Answer 12

1. DCML: primary axons send ipsalaterally and crossing happens at medulla
2. neospinothalamic: ascending axons are secondary axons and send contrallaterally and crossing happens in spinal cord

Question 13

____travel from the trigeminal nerve down to the medulla then to the upper cervical cord before it synapses. 2nd order neuron crosses midline then to VPM. 3rd order neuron goes out to cortex.

Answer 13

fast pain from the face

Question 14

explain fast pain vs slow pain

Answer 14

1. fast: can localize, small mylinated a delta fibers carrying pain info, axons enter through dorsal lateral tract, terminate in lamina 1,2 or 5 of dorsal horn and this secretes glutamate. 2nd order neuron will be in lamina 1,2 or 5 then axon crosses midline at anterior commisioner then go up to the thalamus in the neospinothalamic tract. 3rd order neuron goes from VPL into the somatosensory cortex
2. slow: can not localize, can not define exactly where you feel pain. first order neurons go to lamina 1,2 or 5 and release substance P. then interneurons synapse on ascending neurons in lamina 5 and 8, substance P modulate pain perception into ascending neurons. Ascending axons reach midbrain (reticular formation-sends thru brainstem, medulla, pons, midbrain and thalamus)

Question 15

region around cerebral aquaduct

Answer 15

periaqueductal gray

Question 16

-visual reflex
-makes us turn our eyes to pain

Answer 16

superior colliculus

Question 17

-goes on to the reticular formation this increase enital arousal and attention. continuous stimulation drives the arousal to anger or sexual arousal
-general stimulation is arousal and awareness

Answer 17

spinoreticular tract

Question 18

what makes up the posterior column

Answer 18

nucleus gracillis and nucleus cutaneus

Question 19

what makes up the nucleus gracillis in the posterior column

Answer 19

leg and lower trunk

Question 20

what makes up the nucleus cutaneus in medulla in the posterior column

Answer 20

upper trunk, arm, neck and occiput

Question 21

where does the fasculus cuneatus originate?

Answer 21

above T6

Question 22

where does the fasciculus gracilis originate?

Answer 22

below T6

Question 23

-originate from posterior throacic nucleus of clarke (lamina 7)
-present in region T1-L2 (lower half)
-ipsalateral project to cerebellum and gets info from inferior cerebellum penuncle

Answer 23

dorsal spinocerebellar tract

Question 24

-rostospinocerebellar tract and ventral work together to provide feedback to cerebellum about the descending motor tracts. do not provide any info on peripheral receptors
-enter cerebellum from superior penuncle
-get info from both sides of body specifically lower limb

Answer 24

ventral spinocerebellar tract

Question 25

___ and ____ taken together receive proception info and then we make conscious adjustments to posture and movement

Answer 25

ventral and dorsal spinocerebellar tract

Question 26

lesion on spinocerbellar region would get ____ and ___

Answer 26

bad posture and ataxia

Question 27

part of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract but has to do with upper part of body. together dorsal and ____ deliver info from our muscles, tendons and joints up to cerebellum

Answer 27

Cuneo cerebellar tract