Chapter 7 Flashcards
A ______ helps researchers decide whether an observed relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable really exists in the population or whether it could have happened by chance when the sample was drawn.
Test of statistical significance
The ______ is stated to remind us that the observed results of a sample could be the result of random error.
Null hypothesis
The ______ allows the researcher to determine the exact probability of a particular result occurring by chance.
P value approach
Most political research begins by using the .10 level of significance to decide whether to reject a null hypothesis.
False
Chi-square works by comparing the observed frequencies with the expected frequencies.
True
A researcher who has two categorical level variables with one measured at the nominal level should use Somers’ dyx to test the association between them.
False
Cramer’s V is a good PRE to use when comparing two interval-level variables.
False
The χ 2 test of significance is used when both the independent variable and the dependent variable are measured ______.
Categorically
The symbol H0 represents the ______.
Null Hypothesis
A ______ marks the upper plausible boundary of random error and so defines H0’s limit.
Critical Value
When researchers compare two sample statistics, however, we have two sources of uncertainty: both sample statistics have random sampling error.
True
When comparing two sample means, we can safely reject the null hypothesis if ______.
The confidence intervals do not overlap
Which of the following tests is based on the confidence interval approach?
Eyeball
A researcher studying partisanship and the likelihood of being a protester concludes there is no difference between Democrats and Republicans when, in fact, there is, has committed a ______.
Type 2 error
Which of the following pair of variables would allow us to compare two sample means?
Gender and income (in dollars)
