Chapter 7 Flashcards
A ______ helps researchers decide whether an observed relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable really exists in the population or whether it could have happened by chance when the sample was drawn.
Test of statistical significance
The ______ is stated to remind us that the observed results of a sample could be the result of random error.
Null hypothesis
The ______ allows the researcher to determine the exact probability of a particular result occurring by chance.
P value approach
Most political research begins by using the .10 level of significance to decide whether to reject a null hypothesis.
False
Chi-square works by comparing the observed frequencies with the expected frequencies.
True
A researcher who has two categorical level variables with one measured at the nominal level should use Somers’ dyx to test the association between them.
False
Cramer’s V is a good PRE to use when comparing two interval-level variables.
False
The χ 2 test of significance is used when both the independent variable and the dependent variable are measured ______.
Categorically
The symbol H0 represents the ______.
Null Hypothesis
A ______ marks the upper plausible boundary of random error and so defines H0’s limit.
Critical Value
When researchers compare two sample statistics, however, we have two sources of uncertainty: both sample statistics have random sampling error.
True
When comparing two sample means, we can safely reject the null hypothesis if ______.
The confidence intervals do not overlap
Which of the following tests is based on the confidence interval approach?
Eyeball
A researcher studying partisanship and the likelihood of being a protester concludes there is no difference between Democrats and Republicans when, in fact, there is, has committed a ______.
Type 2 error
Which of the following pair of variables would allow us to compare two sample means?
Gender and income (in dollars)
The eyeball test of statistical significance is based on the confidence interval approach.
True
A sample statistics tells us exactly how many standard errors separate the sample difference from zero.
False
A PRE measure of association tells a researcher ______.
How much the odds of predicting the value of the dependent variable are improved
