Chapter 7

Question 1

List the muscles that belong to the superficial back muscle group

Answer 1

• trapezius
• latissumus dorsi
• levator scapulae
• rhomboid minor
• rhomboid major

Question 2

List the muscles that belong to the deep back muscle group

Answer 2

• erector spinae (spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis)
• splenius (splenius capitis & cervicis)
• semispinalis
• multifidus
• rotatores (rotatores longus & brevis)
• suboccipital muscles (rectus capitis posterior major, rectus capitis posterior minor, obliquus capitis inferior, obliquus capitis superior)

Question 3

List the actions and innervations of trapezius

Answer 3

• actions: upward rotation, elevation, & depression of scapula
• innervation: CN XI, accessory nerve & ventral rami of C3 & C4

Question 4

List the actions and innervations of latissimus dorsi

Answer 4

• actions: adduction, extension, medial rotation of arm
• innervation: thoracodorsal nerve

Question 5

List the actions and innervations of levator scapulae

Answer 5

• actions: elevation of scapula
• innervation: ventral rami of C3 and C4

Question 6

List the actions and innervations of rhomboid minor and major

Answer 6

• actions: adduction of scapula
• innervation: dorsal scapular nerve

Question 7

How many muscles are found in erector spinae?

Answer 7

3

Question 8

What is the function/action of erector spinae?

Answer 8

• function: holds the spine erect by extending the vertebral column
• action: lateral flexion of spine

Question 9

Where is splenius found?

Answer 9

in the neck

Question 10

Where is semispinalis found?

Answer 10

the upper half of the vertebral column

Question 11

How many vertebrae do the following muscles span:
a. Semispinalis
b. Multifidus
c. Rotatores longus
d. Rotatores brevis

Answer 11

• semispinalis: 4-6
• multifidus: 2-4
• rotatores longus: 2
• rotatores brevis: 1

Question 12

What muscle is named sacrospinalis?

Answer 12

erector spinae

Question 13

What muscles are included in the transversospinal group?

Answer 13

• semispinalis, multifidus, & rotatores

Question 14

Where does semispinalis originate from?

Answer 14

• transverse processes of C4-T10

Question 15

Where does multifidus originate from?

Answer 15

• sacrum
• posterior iliac spine
• common tendinous origin of erector spinae
• mamillary processes of lumbar vertebrae
• transverse processes of T1-T3
• articular processes of C4-C7

Question 16

where does rotatores originate from?

Answer 16

• vertebral transverse processes

Question 17

Where is the multifidus muscle best developed?

Answer 17

in the lumbar region deep to erector spinae

Question 18

What are all the muscles that belong to the suboccipital muscles? Make sure to know these names very well.

Answer 18

• rectus capitis posterior major
• rectus capitis posterior minor
• obliquus capitis inferior
• obliquus capitis superior

Question 19

What is the innervation of the deep back muscles?

Answer 19

segmental from the dorsal rami

Question 20

What is the action of semispinalis? The rotatores?

Answer 20

• semispinalis: extends & contralaterally rotates the head and vertebral column
• rotatores: stabilises the vertebral column