Chapter 7 Flashcards
rectus abdominis
six pack
helps to flex the torso FORWARD when it contracts.
The ORIGIN of rectus abdominis is: the
pubic crest (of the pubis bone) and the pubic
symphysis.
INSERTION of rectus abdominis is: the
xiphoid process (of the sternum) & the costal
cartilages (of ribs 5-7).
external obliques and internal obliques
two muscles that help to flex the torso LATERALLY when they contract
oblique-angle usually odd
transversus”
means that the muscle fibers travel perpendicular to a bone or body region.
transversus abdominus
(the deepest abdominal muscle layer), the muscle fibers travel perpendicular to the vertebral column.
anterior flexion
bending the torso FORWARD)
lateral flexion
bending the torso toward THE SIDE)
inhalation
is the process of bringing air INTO the body. During the process of inhalation, the size of the thoracic cavity gets BIGGER. This makes space for air to enter.
Exhalation
s the process of forcing air OUT OF the body. During the process of exhalation, the size of the thoracic cavity gets SMALLER. As the thoracic cavity shrinks, the air that was inside the lungs is forced out
True ribs
are directly connected to the sternum. (Recall from Lesson #4 that hyaline cartilage connective tissue is used to do this; it is called costal cartilage when it connects these true ribs to the sternum.) Ribs #1 - #7 are the true ribs of the thoracic cage.
False ribs
False ribs are indirectly connected to the sternum. While they still have costal cartilages, their cartilages do NOT connect directly to the sternum; they connect to the costal cartilages of Ribs #1 - #7. Ribs #8 - #10 are the false ribs of the thoracic cage.
Floating ribs
Floating ribs are NOT connected to the sternum at all. Floating ribs are really only visible on the posterior side of rib cage, and they do NOT have any costal cartilage. Ribs #11 & #12 are the floating ribs of the thoracic cage.
I band
which is the space in the sarcomere where only the thin myofilaments are present.
M line
which is a thick line of proteins in the middle of the sarcomere. (The thick
Z discs
which form the zig-zagging left & right edge of each sarcomere. (The thin myofilament is attached here.)
Troponin
which is a regulatory protein that holds tropomyosin in place & changes it shape when the ion calcium (Ca2+) is released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum