Chapter 7 Flashcards by Jen Esquinance

one of the most common symptoms in clinical practice, with a lifetime prevalence of 30% in the general population

headache

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most important attributes of headache are __ and ___

severity and chronologic

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double vision

diplopia

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specks in the vision or areas where the patient cannot see

scotomas

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results from problems in the external or middle ear

conductive less

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problems in the inner ear, the cochlear nerve, or its central connections in the brain

sensorineural loss

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perceived sound that has no external stimulus, musical ringing or a rushing or roaring noise in one or both ears

tinnitus

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perception that the patient or the environment is rotating or spinning

vertigo

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these sensations point primarily to a problem in the labyrinths of the inner ear, peripheral lesions of CN3 or lesions in its central pathways or nuclei in the brain

vertigo

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unsteady or losing your balance

disequilibrium

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drainage from the nose and is often associated with nasal congestion

rhinorrhea

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a sense of stuffiness or obstruction

nasal congestion

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bleeding from the nasal passages

bleeding can also originate in the paranasal sinuses or nasopharynx

epistaxis

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bleeding from posterior nasal structure may pass into the __ instead of the nostrils

throat

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coughed up or vomited blood

hematemesis

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the openings of __ and ___ ducts are visible within the oral cavity

parotid and submandibular

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__ artery passes upward just in front of the eye, where it is readily palpable

superficial temporal artery

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opening between the eyelids

palpebral fissure

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a clear mucous membrane with 2 easily visible components bulbar and palpebral

conjunctiva

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part of the conjunctiva that covers most of the anterior eyeball

bulbar conjunctiva

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part of the conjunctiva that lines the eyelids

palpebral conjunctiva

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glands that are on parallel rows on the tarsal plates

meibomian glands

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muscle that raises the upper eyelid and innervated by CN 3 by the ocuomotor nerve

levator palpebrae

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muscles of the ___ control the thickness of the lens, allowing the eye to focus on near or distinct objects

ciliary body

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clear liquid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye

aqueous humor

canal of schlemm drains what

aqueous humor

which is larger, macula or fovea?

macula macula is around the fovea

the entire area seen by an eye when it looks at a central point

visual field

an increased convexity of the ciliary muscles

accommodation

superior oblique is controlled by

CN 4

lateral rectus is controlled by

CN 6

different in pupillary size of 0.04 mm or greater

anisocoria

pupillary constriction in the same eye

direct reaction

pupillary constriction in the opposite eye

consensual reaction

__ test may reveal a slight or latent muscle

cover-uncover test

a fine rhythmic oscillations of the eyes

nystagmus

_____ headaches include migraines, tension, cluster and chronic daily headaches

primary

__ headaches arise from underlying structural, systemic or infectious causes such as meningitis or subarachoid hemorrhage

secondary

___ headaches reaching maximal intensity over several minutes occur in 70% of patients with a subarachnoid hemorrhage

thunderclap Often preceded by a sentinel leak headache from a vascular leak into the subarachnoid space

__ headaches occurs in migraine and cluster headaches

unilateral

___ headaches often arise in the temporal areas

tension

__ headaches may be retro-orbital

cluster

flashes of light

photopias

zig zag arcs of the light

fortification

____ may increase pain from acute sinusitis or from mass lesion due to changing intracranial pressure

valsalva maneuver

difficulty with close work - farsigthedness

hyperopia

aging vision

presbyopia

difficulty with distance sight

myopia

moving specks or strands suggest ____

vitreous floaters

flashing lights or new vitreous floaters suggest ____

retinal detachment of vitreous from retina

__ is seen in lesions in the brainstem or cerebellum or weakness or paralysis of one or more extraocular muscles

diplopia

pain in occurs in the external canal

otitis externa

vertigo with hearing loss is associated with __

menieres disease

itching of the nose favors

allergic causes

acute bacterial sinusitis is unlikely until viral uri symptoms persist more than ___ days

bleeding gums are most often caused by

gingivitis

fine hair is seen in which thyroid disease

hyperthyroidism

coarse hair is seen in which thyroid disease

hypothyroidism

tiny white ovoid granules that adhere to hairs may be ___

nits - hair lice

redness and scaling that may indicate __

seborrheic dermatitis or psoriasis

soft lumps in the hair is

pilar cysts

an enlarged skull may signify ___ or __ of bone

hydrocephalus or pagets disease

excessive facial hair

hirsutism

hirsutism occurs in some women with

polycyctic ovary syndrome

impaired far vision

myopia

impaired near vision

hyperopia

legally blind is when vision is __ or less

20/200

an ____ occurs in conditions affecting the optic nerve such as glaucoma, optic neuritis, and papilledema

enlarged blind spot

inward or outward deviation of the eyes, abnormal protrusion of the eye ___

graves disease or ocular tumor

red inflamed lid margins in __ with crusting

blepharitis

yellow sclera indicates __

jaundice

constriction of pupil

miosis

dilation of pupils

mydriasis

poor convergence is seen in which type of thyroid disease

hyperthyroidism

t/f artifical eye will have red reflex

f it wont have a red reflex

ear canal is often swollen, narrowed, moist, pale, and tender, may be red

acute otitis externa

skin of the canal is often thickened, red, and itchy

chronic otitis externa

older adults with higher frequently hearing loss, making them more likely to miss consonants, which have a higher frequency sounds than vowels

presbycusis

test for lateralization

weber test

test for air and bone conduction

rinne test

AC>BC

sensorineural hearing loss

BC = AC or BC>AC

conductive hearing loss

___ duct drains into the inferior meatus

nasolacrimal duct

___ sinus drains into the middl meatus

paranasal sinus

tenderness of the nasal tip or alae suggests local infection such as a __

furuncle

mucosa is reddened and swollen

viral rhinitis

mucosa may be pale, bluish or red

allergic rhinitis

pale saclike growths of inflamed tissue that can obstruct the air passages of sinusitis

nasal polyps

each tooth is chiefly composed of

dentin

a benign midline lump

torus palatinus

asymmetric protrusion of the tongue suggests a lesion of the CN

in CN __ paralysis, the soft palate fails to rise and uvula deviates to the opposite side

tonsillar exudates are common in ____

streptococcal pharyngitis

Stop at the neck

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