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Bio 150 > Chapter 7-12 > Flashcards

Chapter 7-12 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Lipids

A

Carbon-containing compounds
(fats, waxes, sterols, and phospholipids)
Nonpolar/hydrophobic

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2
Q

3 most important types of lipids

A

fats, steroids, phospholipids

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3
Q

Steroids

A

ring structure with variable functional group

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4
Q

Phospholipids

A

consist of glycerol that is linked to a phosphate group and two other hydrocarbon chains

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5
Q

Phospholipids Bilayers

A

does not dissolve in water

can interact with hydrophilic head, NOT hydrophobic tails

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6
Q

Phospholipids

A

adapts 2 shapes in water:
micelles
lipid bilayers

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7
Q

Short lipid bilayers

A

unsaturated, higher permeability

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8
Q

long lipid bilayers

A

saturated, lower permeability

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9
Q

3 mechanisms of membrane transport

A
  • diffusion and osmosis
  • facilitated diffusion
  • active transport
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10
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

channel proteins, carrier proteins, transporters

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11
Q

active transport

A

pump proteins, moves materials against their concentration gradient and requires energy provided by ATP or an electrochemical gradient

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12
Q

Passive transport

A

moving materials down their concentration gradient and do not require an input of energy

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13
Q

Which transport requires energy to move across the cell membrane?

A

Active

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14
Q

Which transport does not require energy to move across the cell membrane?

A

Passive

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15
Q

Osmosis

A

the diffusion of water from high to low/solvent concentration.

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16
Q

hypertonic

A

higher solute concentration, excess-tone, lower water

water out of cell, cell shrinks

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17
Q

hypotonic

A

lower solute concentration, lower tone, higher water

water into cell, cell bursts

18
Q

isotonic

A

2 solutions with equal solute concentrations

19
Q

amphipathic proteins

A

anchored in lipid bilayers

20
Q

transport properties

A

the transmembrane proteins transport molecules

21
Q

What are the 3 broad classes of transport proteins?

A
  • channel proteins
  • carrier proteins/transporters
  • active transport (pump proteins)
22
Q

Protein Transport 1

A

Gated Channels: channel proteins are highly selective and highly regulated

23
Q

Protein Transport 2

A

Carrier proteins or transporter do not require energy and move molecules across the membrane

24
Q

Protein Transport 3

A

active transport moves ions and molecules against their electrochemical gradients

25
Q

What does all cells have in them?

A

nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, plasma membrane

26
Q

Morphology

A

Two broad groupings of life:

  • prokaryotes
  • eukaryotes
27
Q

prokaryote

A

has NO nucleus

28
Q

eukaryote

A

has a nucleus

29
Q

Phylogeny

A 
evolutionary history 
(3 domains):
-bacteria (prokaryote)
-archaea (prokaryote)
-eukarya (eukaryote)
30
Q

4 ket differences b/w eukaryotic and prokaryotic

A
  1. chromosomes are found inside the membrane
  2. much larger cells
  3. extensive amount of internal membrane and organelles
  4. diverse and dynamic cytoskeleton
31
Q

compartmentalization

A
  1. separates incompatible chemical reactions
  2. increases efficiency in 2 ways:
    - maintenance of high concentrations of reactants
    - cluster enzymes and reactants together thus shorting the diffusion distance
32
Q

Animal Cells

A
  • golgi apparatus
  • centrolies
  • lysosomes
  • mitochondria
  • ribosomes
  • cell membrane
  • south ER
  • rough ER
  • nucleus
  • cytoskeleton
  • peroxisome
33
Q

Plant Cells

A
  • vacolues
  • chlorplasts
  • cell wall
  • cell membrane
  • golgi apparatus
  • nucleus
  • cytoskeleton
  • south ER
  • rough ER
  • peroxisome
  • mitochondria
  • ribosomes
34
Q

nucleus

A

stores information

35
Q

ribosomes

A

protein synthesis

36
Q

rough ER

A

protein synthesis and processing

37
Q

smooth ER

A

lipid synthesis and processing

38
Q

golgi apparatus

A

protein, lipids, and carbohydrates processing

39
Q

lysosomes

A

digestion and recycling

40
Q

vacuoles

A

storage of oils, carbohydrates water and toxics

Bio 150 (1 decks)

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