Chapter 7 Flashcards
The process by which energy-rich molecules are broken down to produce energy in the form of ATP during which oxygen is utilized and carbon dioxide is produced.
cellular respiration
The form of cellular respiration found in eukaryotes and many prokaryotes in which oxygen is a reactant in the ATP-producing process.
aerobic respiration
The production of ATP in a number of types of prokaryotes using an electron transport chain in which the final electron acceptor is an inorganic molecule rather than oxygen.
anaerobic respiration
The partial or full loss of electrons from a substance.
oxidation
Substance—the electron donor—from which the electrons are lost during oxidation.
oxidized
The partial or full gain of electrons to a substance.
reduction
Substance—the electron acceptor—that gains electrons during reduction.
reduced
Coupled oxidation-reduction reaction in which electrons are removed from a donor molecule and simultaneously added to an acceptor molecule.
redox reactions
A coenzyme that serves as an electron carrier.
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺)
Stage of cellular respiration in which sugars such as glucose are partially oxidized and broken down into smaller molecules.
glycolysis
An enzymecatalyzed reaction that transfers a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP.
substrate-level phosphorylation
Stage of cellular respiration in which the three-carbon molecule pyruvate is converted into a two-carbon acetyl group that is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide.
pyruvate oxidation
Series of reactions in which acetyl groups are oxidized completely to carbon dioxide and some ATP molecules are synthesized.
citric acid cycle; Krebs cycle; tricarboxylic acid cycle
Synthesis of ATP in which ATP synthase uses an H⁺ gradient built by the electron transport chain as the energy source to make the ATP.
oxidative phosphorylation
Process in which electrons carried by NADH are transferred to an organic acceptor molecule rather than to an electron transport chain.
fermentation
