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Essentials of Biology Chapter 7 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Process which organisms combine oxygen with food molecules, and turn it into chemical energy

A

Cellular Respiration

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2
Q

Cellular respiration requires ___ and ___.

A

Oxygen, Glucose

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3
Q

What does cellular respiration produce?

A

ATP molecules

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4
Q

Phases of complete glucose breakdown

A

Glucose breaks down slowly
Energy is captured and makes ATP
Coenzymes join with hydrogen

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5
Q

Cellular respiration involves what reaction?

A

Redox reaction

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6
Q

Oxidation

A

Removal of hydrogen atoms

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7
Q

Reduction

A

Addition of hydrogen atoms

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8
Q

Glycolysis

A

The breakdown of glucose by enzymes that release energy

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9
Q

What is required for the complete breakdown of glucose in aerobic respiration?

A

Oxygen

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10
Q

In animal cells, pyruvate is reduced to what?

A

Lactate

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11
Q

Lactate is converted into __ or __.

A

Pyruvate or glucose

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12
Q

What uses fermentation to produce?

A

Bacteria

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13
Q

Preparatory Reaction

A

Glucose energy cannot release until ATP energy releases first.

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14
Q

Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle

A

NAD+
NADH
FAD
FADH2

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15
Q

ATP synthase uses ___ to make ATP.

A

Energy

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16
Q

Electron Transport System

A

Proteins that transfer electrons through a membrane within mitochondria to form proton gradients for ATP.

17
Q

ATP synthase uses ___ to make ___.

A

energy, ATP

18
Q

How many ATP can be made from glucose metabolism?

A

38

19
Q

Stages of Cellular Respiration

A

Glycolysis
Pyruvate oxidation
Citric Acid Cycle
Oxidative Phosphoylation

20
Q

What does the rest of glucose metabolism turn into?

A

Heat

21
Q

Cells use other energy sources such as

A

Proteins and fats

22
Q

Do Fatty Acids have shorter or longer carbon chains?

A

Longer

23
Q

Extra food is turned into

A

Fat

24
Q

Energy used to pump H+ from matrix goes into

A

intermembrane

25
Q

Electron transport chain uses what for production?

A

ATP

26
Q

Energy Investing steps

A

2 ATP transfer phosphates to glucose

Activates for next steps

27
Q

Energy Harvesting steps

A

Substrate-level ATP synthesis produces 4 ATP
Net-gain of 2 ATP
2 NADH are made

28
Q

With oxygen, pyruvate enters

A

Mitochondria

29
Q

Without oxygen, pyruvate undergoes

A

Reduction

Essentials of Biology Chapter 7 (1 decks)

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