Chapter 7:1

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

Study of the form and structure of an organism

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

Study of processes of living organisms

Question 3

Protoplasm

Answer 3

Basic substance of all life; makes up all living things

Question 4

Cell

Answer 4

Microscopic structures that carry on all the functions of life.

Question 5

Things cells do

Answer 5

• take in food and oxygen
• produce heat and energy
• move and adapt to their environment
• eliminate wastes
• perform special functions
• reproduce new cells

Question 6

Cell membrane

Answer 6

Outer protective covering of a cell

Question 7

Cytoplasm

Answer 7

A semi fluid inside the cell but outside the nucleus

Question 8

Organelles

Answer 8

Cell structures that help a cell to function; located in the cytoplasm.

Question 9

Nucleus

Answer 9

Mass in the cytoplasm; called the brain of the cell

Question 10

Nucleolus

Answer 10

One or more small, round bodies located inside the nucleus

Ribosomes made of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein are manufactured in the nucleolus

Question 11

Genes

Answer 11

Structures that carry inherited characteristics

Question 12

Chromatin

Answer 12

Located in the nucleus and made of DNA and protein.

Condenses to form chromosomes during cell reproduction

Question 13

Genome

Answer 13

Total mass of genetic instruction humans inherit from their parents

Question 14

Mitochondria

Answer 14

Rod shaped organelles located throughout cytoplasm; called furnaces or powerhouses of the cell.

Question 15

Centrosome

Answer 15

Located in the cytoplasm and near the nucleus; contains 2 centrioles that separate during mitosis

Question 16

Golgi apparatus

Answer 16

Stack of membrane layers located in cytoplasm; produces, stores, and packages secretions for discharge from the cell.

Question 17

Vacuoles

Answer 17

Pouch like structures found throughout the cytoplasm

Question 18

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 18

Tubular structures located in the cytoplasm that allow for transport of materials in and out of the nucleus

Question 19

Lysosomes

Answer 19

Oval or round bodies found throughout cytoplasm; contain digestive enzymes

Question 19

Meiosis

Answer 19

Process by which sex cells divide

Question 20

Pinocytic vesicles

Answer 20

Pocket like folds in the cell membrane that allow proteins and fats to enter cell

Question 21

A human cell has

Answer 21

• 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs

- Each chromosome contains between 30,000 to 45,000 genes

Question 22

Mitosis

Answer 22

A form of asexual reproduction where a cell divides into two identical cells.

Question 23

Meiosis

Answer 23

Sex cells ( gametes) divide. This process uses two separate cell divisions to produce four new cells

Question 24

Zygote

Answer 24

Has 46, or 23 pairs of chromosomes. The normal number for all body cells except the sex cells.

Within 4-5 days the zygote is a hollow ball- like mass of cells called a blastocyst. Within the blastocyst are embryonic stem cells

Question 25

Pathophysiology

Answer 25

Study of how disease occurs