Chapter 6A- Upper-Limb Prosthetics Flashcards
What are body powered prosthetics?
The force to operate components comes from mechanical transmission of muscluar effort generated elsewhere in the body
What are externally powered prosthetics?
A source outside the body generates power to operate the components
What are the advantages of body powered devices?
Low cost
Light weight
High reliability
What are the disadvantages of body powered devices?
Harness restricts work envelope
Harness encumbers the noninvolved side
Uses their own energy- might tire
Cosmetic
What are the two classes of terminal devices?
Passive
Prehensile
What are the advantages of passive devices?
No moving part- less mechanical problems Lightweight Reliable Social acceptance Functional static grasp
What are the two types of passive devices?
Passive hand
Mitts
Which passive devices is usually recommended for infants?
Mitts
Which passive device is usually recommended for sporting activities?
Mitts
What is a prehensor terminal device?
Offers active grasp
What are the two classifiers for prehensors?
Voluntary-opening Devices
Voluntary-closing devices
What can classifiers for prehensors be subdivided into?
Hand like shapes
Utilitarian shapes
What is the traditional utilitarian shape?
Split hook
When is stainless steel used for utilitarian devices?
Usually for heavy-duty Transradial patients
What does the letter “X” indicate when looking at the hook types?
The addition of neoprene rubber finger linings to improve friction and grasp
What does the letter “A” indicate when looking at the hook types?
Made from aluminum
What is the percent of weight that is reduced by using an aluminum hook?
50%
What are the different series hook types?
Series 5- Male Series 8- Females Series 9- adolescents Series 10- children Series 12- Infants Work hook
What does the letter “P” indicate when looking at the hook types?
Plastisol- soft rubber material made in Negroid and Caucasion tones
What is a work hook/Farmer’s hook?
Heavy duty stainless-steel hook, with a large opening between the two “fingers” that is designed to grasp shovels or similar objects
What does canted mean?
The slanted configuration of the hook fingertips
What does the canted hook provide?
Visual inspection during fine motor tasks
Bilateral amputees are usually given which type of hooks?
One canted
One straight
What is the CAPP terminal device
A voluntary-opening utilitarian shape that is not a hook but looks like a crab claw.
Where was the CAPP terminal device made?
Child Amputee Prosthetic Project at UCLA
Who usually uses the CAPP terminal device?
Children
Though, there are adult sizes as well
Who was the APRL hook developed by?
Army Prosthetics Research Laboratory after WWII
Which classification does the APRL hook fall under?
Voluntary-closing
What are some advantages of the APRL hook?
The fingers automatically lock in any position once grasp is accomplished
Has a selector switch
Operator lever is on the ulnar side of the device
Allows graded prehension
What does the selector switch on the APRL hook allow the amputee to choose?
A large finger opening
A small finger opening
Freewheeling- A small opening with the locking function eliminated
What was the APRL hook originally developed to use?
Biceps cineplasty
What are the disadvantages of the APRL hook?
Mechanical complexity
Expensive
Prone to breakdown
Who might benefit from an APRL hook?
Bilateral amputees- only on one hand
Previous users
Who created a series of voluntary-closing utilitarian devices?
Bob Radocy a recreational therapist and transradial amputee
What materials are Bob Radocy’s hooks?
Aluminum
Stainless steel
Plastic
Who likes Bob Radocy’s braces the best?
Children
Athletes
Unilateral transradial amputees
Long residual limbs
What is different about Bob Radocy’s hooks?
No locking mechanism
Amputee must maintain force to grasp object
What are the disadvantages of the voluntary-closing hand
Frictional loss
Rubber cosmetic glove impedes motion
Contours block visual inspection of the fingertips
What are the disadvantages of the voluntary-opening hands?
Friction loss
Glove restricting movement
Visual impedance of fingers
Limited pinch force
Who would not do well with Voluntary-closing/opening hands?
Bilateral amputees, due to limited functional capabilities
What is the Becker Plylite Hand?
Simple, Lightweight, voluntary-opening hand with the only moving component being the thumb.
It has an optional locking mechanism
What is the Becker Lock-Grip and Imperial Hands?
Voluntary opening hands with control cable tension that causes all five fingers to open.
Lock-Grip has a mechanism to lock all fingers in a closed position
Imperial model has easy adjustment of finger prehension force with the use of a screw driver
What is the Robin-Aids Mechanical Hand?
Voluntary-opening hand with control tension that causes digits 2,3,4 and 5 to move away from a stationary thumb
The thumb can be prepositioned for normal or large opening prehension.
What is the Robin-Aids Soft Mechanical Hand?
Voluntary-opening with the thumb and first two fingers to open. Made of plastisol and covered with urethane foam that provides softness
What is the Sierra Voluntary-Opening Hand
Two position stationary thumb. The first two fingers move away from the thumb
Has a Bac Loc feature in all fingers and allows patients to hold heavy objects securely
What is the Hosmer-Dorrance Functional Hand?
Voluntary opening permits prosthetist to adjust finger prehension by the installation of different tension springs
What is a prosthetic glove?
Rubberized covering that determines the external appearance of the prosthesis.
What are the three cosmetic glove types?
Stock glove
Custom Production glove
Custom-Sculpted Glove
What is a stock glove?
Most generic type comes in a few shades of Caucasion and Negroid plastics.
Need basic hand size and general skin tone
What is a custom production glove?
Made from doner mold of hand similar in shape to the amputees and then cover is selected for the best fit
Wider variety of skin tones
What is a custom-sculpted glove?
Hand-made from a sculptured reverse copy of remaining hand.
Made from silicone rubber-more durable
Can cover myoelectric hand
What are the two basic functions of wrist units?
Attach a terminal device to the forearm of the prosthesis
Permit the amputee to preposition the terminal device for operation
Why are wrist units important to transhumeral amputees?
They have lost all the ability to supinate and pronate the prosthetic arm. Wrist unit allows the needed ROM in the wrist to complete tasks
What are the various types of Friction Wrist Units?
Oval-shaped
Round
Wrist disarticulation wrist unit
What do the wrist units allow the amputee to substitute for?
Supination/Pronation
What’s the advantage of the oval-shaped friction wrist unit?
Cosmesis- Better transition between prosthetic hand and prosthesis.
More natural appearance
What is the disadvantage of the oval-shaped friction wrist unit?
Not constant friction
What is the difference between the wrist disarticulation wrist unit and the other wrist units?
They are made as thin as possible to conserve the length of the prosthetic forearm