Chapter 62: Work- Motivation In The Work Place Flashcards
What does motivation involve
It involves what energises Human behaviour, what directs it and how it’s maintained and sustained. These depend on personal meanings that people attach to work.
What are the 3 dimensions of personal meanings of work and give a description of each.
Work centrality relates to how important a person’s work is in there life a high degree of job centrality implies person attaches a greater importance to job than to other factors in life.
Social norms relate to social rights and responsibilities in the context of one’s work. People may see work as meaningful because it contributes to society.
Valued work goals relate to what one wishes to achieve through one’s work. One person may want wealth where another fame.
What are the 3 categories of motivation according to Kanfer
Need fulfillment theory
Cognitive choice theory
Self regulation theory
Explain the Theory of need fulfillment
People motivated as a result of their personalities, disposition and values. People work to satisfy their own needs.
What additions did Maslow make regarding the need fulfillment theory
Maslows hierarchy of needs suggest that physiological needs are the lowest level of a hierarchy which are primary drives like food shelter water sex. The next level of needs comprises the need for a safe and secure environment following need for love and belonging which concerns ones desire to obtain and give affection and to feel that one contribute to society.
The 4th level is the need for esteem which is a desire to develop sense of self worth and last us the need for self actualisation.
Maslow stated that a person is unaware of the next level until he has completed or attempting to complete current level.
What is the cognitive choice theory
Focuses on idea that people make conscious choices based on their appraisal and expectations of situations and are motivated to act if they see value of outcomes.
Vroom identified 3 factors
Valance: is the value that people attach to an outcome
Instumentality: potential that the valued outcome has to lead to more desired outcomes
Expectancy : is the attainability of outcomes.
Explain the 3 factors influencing action in the cognitive choice theory
If performing task leads to a valued outcome (valance) and believe this is likely to lead to others (instrumentality) and believe that you can complete the task( expectancy) will be motivated to perform it. If you expect you can’t complete it won’t be motivated to execute it despite that it is and may lead to valued outcomes.
Explain how motivation is influenced by equity
Equity concerns perception of fairness. They compare what’s put in and what is received. Workers give knowledge and skills and receive incentives and remuneration. Because equity is based on perception you may believe you must work harder than others to get the same reward which can be seen as unfair. And if you earn alot then it can be fair to have more work than others.
Evaluate what the self regulation theory is
Self regulation theories describe the behaviour involved in attaining goals. Self regulation theories concern individuals agency and will.
Explain the goal setting Theory
People are motivated to work if they have goals to work towards. The goal must be specific and clearly identified and should be challenging but attainable.
To encourage co ownership employees are involved in setting goals and should be able to compare current levels of performance with those by implied by goals.
What role does attitude play in self regulation of behaviour
Our motivation to work is influenced by attitude towards our job and commitment towards the organisation as a whole. The relationship between attitude and behaviour is complex . There’s no single attitude that’s related to a specific form of behaviour and job satisfaction which is used as general indicator of work attitude.
Discuss the motivational hygiene theory
Developed by herzberg and associates that identifies factors that influence experience of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction which are motivating factor and hygiene factors
Motivating factor concern the content of job itself. It includes aspects like achievement in job recognition of one’s performance and nature of job
Hygiene factors refer to context in which job is executed. It includes company policy supervision working conditions and remuneration.
What is the relationship between motivation factors and hygiene factors
Unfavorable hygiene factors ( poor working conditions) cause job dissatisfaction but favourable hygiene factors don’t always lead to job satisfaction. Favourable working conditions and good pay keep people from being dissatisfied. Motivating factor are required in addition to favourable hygiene factors for people to experience job satisfaction.
