Chapter 62 (Respiratory Distress) And 63 (Hemoptysis)

Question 1

Polypeptide secreted by ventricular myocytes in response to volume expansion and pressure overload (increases with hearft failure, MI, sepsis, PE, COPD or right heart strain)

Answer 1

BNP

Question 2

Musical adventitious lung sounds produced by airflow through central and distal airways, more prominent on exhalation.

Answer 2

Wheezes

Question 3

Defined as an abnormally low arterial oxygen tension (PaO2<60mmHg)

Answer 3

Hypoxemia

Question 4

Occurs when lungs and ventilatory muscles cannot move enough air in and out of alveoli to adequately oxygemate arterial blood and elimate carbon dioxide.

Answer 4

Respiratory Failure

Question 5

Dyspnea in upright which results from loss of abdominal wall muscle tone, and from right to left intracardiac shunting.

Answer 5

Platypnea

Question 6

Patient’s subjective sensation of dyspnea with signs indicating difficulty breathing.

Answer 6

Respiratory Distress

Question 7

Cough present for > 8 weeks

Answer 7

Chronic Cough

Question 8

Expectoration on blood from the lungs or tracheobronchial tree.

Answer 8

Hemoptysis

Question 9

Initial imaging modality for patients with hemoptysis.

Answer 9

Chest XRay

Question 10

A false aneurysm of dilated tortuous branches of pulmonary arteries crossing the wall of a tuberculous cavity.

Answer 10

Rasmussen’s Aneurysm

Question 11

Necrotic destruction of tissue resulting in cavitary fungal balls.

Answer 11

Aspergillus Infection

Question 12

Blood loss in Massive Hemoptysis

Answer 12

600ml / 24hours (Range: 100 - > 1000ml/hour)

Question 13

Treatment for severe hemoptysis

Answer 13

Airway control and emergency bronchoscopy

Question 14

Involuntary spastic contraction of inspiratory muscles.

Answer 14

Hiccups (aka Singultus)

Question 15

Amount of pleural fluid in the hemithorax required to be detectable on upright chest xray.

Answer 15

150 - 200ml