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Exposures II > Chapter 6: X-Ray Equipment > Flashcards

Chapter 6: X-Ray Equipment Flashcards

1
Q

Two types of tables:

A

Diagnostic and Therapeutic

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2
Q

diagnostic table

A

diagnostic ranges
10-1200 mA
0.001-10 s
25-150 kVp

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3
Q

therapeutic table

A
  • Radiation oncology
    o Capable of x-ray and electron therapy
    o MeV energies
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4
Q

List characteristics of the tables:

A

-uniform, radiolucent surface
-flat surface
- 4 way table top motions
-bucky tray
-variable heights
-fixed and tilting models

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5
Q

what is the correct order when image is taken:

A

tube -> pt. -> table -> grid -> AEC -> IR

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6
Q

what are the numerous configurations of tube supports

A

-overhead 3D tubecrane suspension
-floor to ceiling
-floor mounted
-mobile
- Carm

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7
Q
  • Supports image receptor in a vertical orientation
    o Bucky assembly
    o May include AEC
  • Vertical travel
  • Tilting or nontilting
A

upright receptor units

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8
Q

Specialized Diagnostic Equipment

A
  • Mammography
  • Tomography
  • Dental/panoramic
  • Computed tomography (CT)
  • Radiation therapy simulators
  • Urologic
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9
Q

Inefficient x-ray production

A

Single-phase power

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10
Q

o Most popular and widely available

A
  • Three-phase power
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11
Q

standard power for xray generation

A

220V coming in
60 Hz alternating current

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

nearly all xray equipment operates on WHAT VOLTAGE :

A

210- 220V

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14
Q

voltage for 3 phase

A

440–480 V 3-phase

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15
Q

what voltage ripple is produced in the single phase

A

Single-phase
produces 100%
voltage ripple

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16
Q
  • 3-phase power produces
    very low voltage ripple
  • Most efficient type of
    electrical power
  • Used with high-end
    electrical devices
    o x-ray machines
A

multi-phase power

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17
Q

what phase does not drop back down to 0

A

multi- phase power

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18
Q

o High voltage side of circuit
o Exposure switch
o Timer circuit

A
  • Main x-ray circuit
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19
Q

what phase is more efficient and most popular and widley avialble

A

3 phase

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20
Q

what is your undirectional

A

undirectional = direct current= rectified

21
Q

what is your high voltage side

A

secondary

22
Q

what is your low voltage side

A

primary

23
Q

where is your exposure switch

A

primary

24
Q

where is your time switch

A

primary

25
Q

o Low voltage side of circuit
o Provides current and voltage to filament
o Permits selection of milli-amperage (mA)

A

Filament circuit

26
Q

what voltage side is the filament circuit

A

Low voltage side of circuit

27
Q

what is happening to your current and thermionic emission in filament circuit

A

increasing

28
Q

how is your voltage and amps in the filament circuit

A

decreased voltage and increased amps

29
Q

what circuit provides current and voltage to filament and permits selection of mA

A

filament circuit

30
Q

what is your exposure switch

A

deadmans switch (pressure needs to be applied)

31
Q
  • Deadman switch
  • Located behind control window on generator console
  • Depress in one motion to maximize tube life
    o X-ray exposure initiated automatically after rotor is at correct
    rpm’s
A

exposure switch

32
Q

how long is the cord for mobile equipment

A

6 feet

33
Q

how long is the cord in the xray room

A

1 foot

34
Q
  • Regulates exposure termination
  • Electronic timers
    o Most sophisticated
  • Capable of very short exposure times
    o 0.001 second
  • Milliampere-second (mAs) timers
    o Terminates exposure based upon a predetermined mAs value
  • AEC timers
A

Timer circuit

35
Q

list type of generators

A
  • Single-phase
  • Multi-phase
    • 3-phase
  • High frequency
  • Capacitor discharge mobile units
  • Battery-operated mobile units
  • Falling load
36
Q

what type of generator is described here:
* Full-wave rectified
o 2 pulses per Hz
o 120 pulses per second
o Voltage ripple 100 percent

A

single phase generator

37
Q

what type of generator is described here:
* Full-wave rectified with 6 diodes
o 6 pulses per Hz
o 360 pulses per second
o Voltage ripple 13–25 percent

A

Multi-Phase/Three-Phase Generators
3 phase 6 pulse

38
Q

what type of generator is described here:
* Full-wave rectified with 12 diodes
* 12 pulses per Hz
* 720 pulses per second
* Voltage ripple 4–10 percent

A

Multi-Phase/Three-Phase Generators
3 phase 12 pulses

39
Q

pulses is also known as :

A

diodes

40
Q

voltage ripple for single phase

A

100 percent

41
Q

voltage ripple for 3 phase 6 pulse

A

13 to 25 percent

42
Q

voltage ripple for 3 phase 12 pulse

A

4 to 10 percent

43
Q

voltage ripple for high frequency

A

1% most efficient

44
Q

AC and DC power converters and inverters
o Convert 60 cycle to kilohertz (kHz)
o Full-wave rectified unit can produce 12–13 kHz waveform
o Voltage ripple of 3–4 percent
o Most popular and common type of generator
o Most efficient x-ray production

A

High-Frequency Generators

45
Q
  • Requires precharging a large
    electrical capacitor
  • Battery charging
  • Produce a current-wavetail
    after exposure termination
  • Delivers a lower rms voltage
    and lower output
  • Typically use a grid-biased xray tube
A

Capacitor Discharge Mobile Units

46
Q

-Terminate exposure based upon a predetermined exposure value
Controls only exposure time
-Commonly called phototiming
- Ionization chambers
- Minimum reaction time
-Backup time

A

AEC

47
Q
  • Located in front of image receptor
    (IR)
  • 5-mm parallel-plate chamber
  • Radiolucent at correct kVp’s
  • Typically have three detector
    positions
  • Not used with distal extremities
A

Ionization Chambers

48
Q
  • Minimum amount of time required to terminate exposure in AEC
A

Minimum Reaction Time

49
Q
  • Used to protect patient and equipment
  • Equipment often allows technologist to set backup
    o Should be set at 150 percent of anticipated manual technique
  • Maximum exposure per U.S. Public Law:
    o 600 mAs
  • Exposures >50 kVp
A

Back up time circuit

Exposures II (7 decks)

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