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Exposures II > Chapter 6: X-Ray Equipment > Flashcards

Chapter 6: X-Ray Equipment Flashcards

1
Q

Two types of tables:

A

Diagnostic and Therapeutic

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2
Q

diagnostic table

A

diagnostic ranges
10-1200 mA
0.001-10 s
25-150 kVp

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3
Q

therapeutic table

A
  • Radiation oncology
    o Capable of x-ray and electron therapy
    o MeV energies
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4
Q

List characteristics of the tables:

A

-uniform, radiolucent surface
-flat surface
- 4 way table top motions
-bucky tray
-variable heights
-fixed and tilting models

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5
Q

what is the correct order when image is taken:

A

tube -> pt. -> table -> grid -> AEC -> IR

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6
Q

what are the numerous configurations of tube supports

A

-overhead 3D tubecrane suspension
-floor to ceiling
-floor mounted
-mobile
- Carm

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7
Q
  • Supports image receptor in a vertical orientation
    o Bucky assembly
    o May include AEC
  • Vertical travel
  • Tilting or nontilting
A

upright receptor units

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8
Q

Specialized Diagnostic Equipment

A
  • Mammography
  • Tomography
  • Dental/panoramic
  • Computed tomography (CT)
  • Radiation therapy simulators
  • Urologic
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9
Q

Inefficient x-ray production

A

Single-phase power

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10
Q

o Most popular and widely available

A
  • Three-phase power
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11
Q

standard power for xray generation

A

220V coming in
60 Hz alternating current

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

nearly all xray equipment operates on WHAT VOLTAGE :

A

210- 220V

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14
Q

voltage for 3 phase

A

440–480 V 3-phase

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15
Q

what voltage ripple is produced in the single phase

A

Single-phase
produces 100%
voltage ripple

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16
Q
  • 3-phase power produces
    very low voltage ripple
  • Most efficient type of
    electrical power
  • Used with high-end
    electrical devices
    o x-ray machines
A

multi-phase power

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17
Q

what phase does not drop back down to 0

A

multi- phase power

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18
Q

o High voltage side of circuit
o Exposure switch
o Timer circuit

A
  • Main x-ray circuit
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19
Q

what phase is more efficient and most popular and widley avialble

A

3 phase

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20
Q

what is your undirectional

A

undirectional = direct current= rectified

21
Q

what is your high voltage side

22
Q

what is your low voltage side

23
Q

where is your exposure switch

24
Q

where is your time switch

25
o Low voltage side of circuit o Provides current and voltage to filament o Permits selection of milli-amperage (mA)
Filament circuit
26
what voltage side is the filament circuit
Low voltage side of circuit
27
what is happening to your current and thermionic emission in filament circuit
increasing
28
how is your voltage and amps in the filament circuit
decreased voltage and increased amps
29
what circuit provides current and voltage to filament and permits selection of mA
filament circuit
30
what is your exposure switch
deadmans switch (pressure needs to be applied)
31
* Deadman switch * Located behind control window on generator console * Depress in one motion to maximize tube life o X-ray exposure initiated automatically after rotor is at correct rpm’s
exposure switch
32
how long is the cord for mobile equipment
6 feet
33
how long is the cord in the xray room
1 foot
34
* Regulates exposure termination * Electronic timers o Most sophisticated * Capable of very short exposure times o 0.001 second * Milliampere-second (mAs) timers o Terminates exposure based upon a predetermined mAs value * AEC timers
Timer circuit
35
list type of generators
* Single-phase * Multi-phase - 3-phase * High frequency * Capacitor discharge mobile units * Battery-operated mobile units * Falling load
36
what type of generator is described here: * Full-wave rectified o 2 pulses per Hz o 120 pulses per second o Voltage ripple 100 percent
single phase generator
37
what type of generator is described here: * Full-wave rectified with 6 diodes o 6 pulses per Hz o 360 pulses per second o Voltage ripple 13–25 percent
Multi-Phase/Three-Phase Generators 3 phase 6 pulse
38
what type of generator is described here: * Full-wave rectified with 12 diodes * 12 pulses per Hz * 720 pulses per second * Voltage ripple 4–10 percent
Multi-Phase/Three-Phase Generators 3 phase 12 pulses
39
pulses is also known as :
diodes
40
voltage ripple for single phase
100 percent
41
voltage ripple for 3 phase 6 pulse
13 to 25 percent
42
voltage ripple for 3 phase 12 pulse
4 to 10 percent
43
voltage ripple for high frequency
1% most efficient
44
AC and DC power converters and inverters o Convert 60 cycle to kilohertz (kHz) o Full-wave rectified unit can produce 12–13 kHz waveform o Voltage ripple of 3–4 percent o Most popular and common type of generator o Most efficient x-ray production
High-Frequency Generators
45
* Requires precharging a large electrical capacitor * Battery charging * Produce a current-wavetail after exposure termination * Delivers a lower rms voltage and lower output * Typically use a grid-biased xray tube
Capacitor Discharge Mobile Units
46
-Terminate exposure based upon a predetermined exposure value Controls only exposure time -Commonly called phototiming - Ionization chambers - Minimum reaction time -Backup time
AEC
47
* Located in front of image receptor (IR) * 5-mm parallel-plate chamber * Radiolucent at correct kVp’s * Typically have three detector positions * Not used with distal extremities
Ionization Chambers
48
* Minimum amount of time required to terminate exposure in AEC
Minimum Reaction Time
49
* Used to protect patient and equipment * Equipment often allows technologist to set backup o Should be set at 150 percent of anticipated manual technique * Maximum exposure per U.S. Public Law: o 600 mAs * Exposures >50 kVp
Back up time circuit

Exposures II (7 decks)

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