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AS Physics > Chapter 6- Wave behavior > Flashcards

Chapter 6- Wave behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

define Amplitude?

A

max displacement from undisturbed position

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2
Q

define Time period?

A

time to complete one cycle or oscillation

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3
Q

define Frequency

A

Number of waves to pass a point per sec

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4
Q

define Wavelength

A

distance between 2 adjacent points in phase eq 2 crests/troughs

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5
Q

Frequency=

A

1/time period(T)

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6
Q

wavespeed(v or c)=

A

frequency(f) X wavelength(λ)

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7
Q

Tranverse wave

A

oscillations are perpendicular to direction of the wave eq light

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8
Q

Longitudinal wave

A

oscillations are parellel to direction of the wave eqsound

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9
Q

What are phasors?

A

Rotating arrows used to represent a wave

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10
Q

What property on a phasor gives the amplitude?

A

length of the arrow

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11
Q

What property on a phasor gives the wavelength?

A

the circumference

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12
Q

What property on a phasor gives the time period?

A

the time taken for the phasor to rotate once

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13
Q

What property on a phasor gives the frequency?

A

the frequency of rotation of the phasor

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14
Q

What property on a phasor gives the displacement?

A

the vertical projetion

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15
Q

What is the principle of superposition?

A

When two or more waves pass through each other, the total displacement = the vector sum of the individual displacements(phasors) at that point.

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16
Q

What happens at a maximun(3)

A

Waves arrive in phase waves constructively interfere path difference = nλ (n=a integer)

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17
Q

What happens at a minima(3)

A

Waves arrive in antiphase waves destructivly interfere path difference = nλ +λ/2 (n=a integer)

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18
Q

Properties of a coherent wave?

A

A constant phase differance

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19
Q

What is a standing wave?

A

it is the superposition pattern of 2 identical waves travelling in opposite directions.

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20
Q

What are phasors?

A

Rotating arrows used to represent a wave, rotate anticlockwise

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21
Q

What is a standing wave?

A

it is the superposition pattern of 2 identical waves travelling in opposite directions.

22
Q

Antinode=

A

constructive interference in a standing wave which cause increased displacement

23
Q

node=

A

destructive interference in a standing wave which cause no desplacement λ/2 apart

24
Q

Phase change for a transvere wave

A

a phase change of Pi radians at a fixed end or a more dense medium

25
Q

Phase change for a longitudinal wave

A

a phase change of Pi radians at a open end or a less dense medium

26
Q

Phase angle for 1/3 of a wavelength=

A

120 degrees or 2Pi/3 radians

27
Q

phase differance

A

the phase angle difference between two waves (0 degrees is minima at the same point)

28
Q

2 standing wave experiments-

A

Microwave standing wave Kunts tube

29
Q

Why are nodes easier to detect nearer the mirror (microwave standing waves experiment)

A

Nearer the mirror the two waves have travel the most similar distance , as energy is lost over distance it also means their amplitudes are more similar. A large amplitude difference (in far away nodes) means that incomplete cancellation can happen, which makes the nodes harder to detect.

30
Q

Why is a minima observed in the loyds mirror experiment?

A

The path difference is nearly 0 so they should arrive in phase , however the mirror cause a phase change of pi radians meaning they arrived in antiphase.

31
Q

Where are nodes and antinode located in standing waves in instruments.

A

Nodes at both fixed ends Antinodes at open ends (as it is a pressure node which means its a displacement antinode)

32
Q

what is a harmonic

A

an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency

33
Q

In waves what connects f and λ?

A

f ∝ 1/λ

34
Q

Which harmonics are available on a string instrument?

A

all

35
Q

Which harmonics are available on a double open end wind instrument?

A

all

36
Q

Which harmonics are available on a single open end wind instrument?

A

only odd

37
Q

Why do you see colours in a thin film?

A

White light is a continuous spectrum Two paths are available which means superposition can happen and cause different colours to cancel based on the p.d the p.d is controlled by the thickness of the film and the viewing angle

38
Q

Whats is lens blooming?

A

Superpostion by partial reflection being usefully used…. The coating cuts down refelction in a certain part of the spectrum, this means more energy is transmitted onto the lens, which improves clarity, quality etc

39
Q

Why doe the film (in superposition by partial reflection) need to be thin?

A

because the short coherency of light means superposition can only happen if a burst interferes with a coherent bust so the p.d has to short enough to allow this.

40
Q

Why wasn’t superposition easily observed in light

A

Not coherent very small wavelength making it hard to see

41
Q

What did young do to observe light superposition?

A

single light sourse two slits

42
Q

(double slit) dsinθ=

A

nλ at a max

43
Q

fringe spacing (X)=

A

λL/d for small θ

44
Q

(gratings equation) dsinθ=

A

nλ at a max

45
Q

d (width of slit)=

A

1/ lines per m

46
Q

Why do you see colours on a cd.

A

White light is a continuous spectrum The ridges on the cd act as a refraction grating. The reflected rays cause a max to appear at certain angles (1st order etc) from the grating equation , the angle is different for each colour, which means different parts of the cd are different colours.

47
Q

What is the rangle of λ tat makes single slit diffraction visible.

A

λ- ~10λ

48
Q

(single slit diffraction) asinθ=

A

nλ at a min

49
Q

Why do the maxima observed in single slit diffraction get smaller as the order increases?

A

The phasors curl up more as you get to a higher order which creates a smaller maxima.

50
Q

Explain how the curvature of diffraction changes in single lit diffraction.

A

if the slit is smaller then more diffractrion is observed eq a slit as wide as the wavelength will give 180 degrees of difraction.

AS Physics (10 decks)

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