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Comm 400 Test 2 > Chapter 6 Vocal Behavior > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Vocal Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

Vocalics

A

The study of the communicative value of vocal behavior or PARALANGUAGE

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2
Q

Paralanguage

A

Includes all oral cues in the stream of spoken utterances except words themselves

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3
Q

Sarcasm

A

Saying one thing but communicating something else

It is learned

Children don’t understand sarcasm

We don’t appreciate sarcasm of people from other cultures

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4
Q

Vocal behaviors and cues can transmit other messages:

A

Status, background, gender, age, socioeconomic status, where we grew up, etc.

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5
Q

Trager’s categories of vocal behavior

A

Voice set

Factors

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6
Q

Trager’s categories of vocal behavior: Voice set

A

Setting of an act of speech

The vocal environment or contextual background is to some measure a result of the speaker’s voice

Closely related to who the speaker is
Ex. Say “I love it “ (business person, girlfriend, truck driver, teacher)

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7
Q

Trager’s categories of vocal behavior: factors

A

Age, gender, present condition of health, state of enthusiasm, fatigue, sadness, and/or other emotions

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8
Q

Voice qualities

A

Tempo, resonance, rhythm control, articulation control, pitch control, glottis control, vocal lip control, and pitch range

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9
Q

Vocalizations

A

Audible vocal cues that do not have the structure of language and may not be accompanied by words

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10
Q

3 types of vocalizations

A

Vocal characterizer

Vocal qualifier

Vocal segregates

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11
Q

Vocal characterizer

A

Crying, laughing, whimpering, sobbing, snickering, sighing, moaning, yawning, growling, muttering

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12
Q

Vocal qualifier

A

Intensity, pitch height, context

Vocal cues that serve the function of accenting are served by vocal qualifiers

Ex., put that down… (pause) NOW

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13
Q

Vocal segregates

A

Audible but not linguistic

Voice printing (used for identification similarity like DNA)

Vocalizations that include “Shhh” “uh huh” “ahh” “er”

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14
Q

Voice printing

A

Similar to fingerprinting in how it is used to identify us - especially in court cases

However there is dispute over how accurate it really is.

50-90% accurate so more is needed for conviction and exoneration

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15
Q

Silences and pauses

A

Silence generally discussed in terms of pauses during streams of speech

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16
Q

Unfilled and filled pauses

A

Unfilled pauses are periods when vocal activity stops DURING spoken utterances

Filled are interruptions of the stream of utterances with “ah” and “uh”

3 classifications:
Hesitation silence
Psycholinguistic silence
Interactive silence

17
Q

Hesitation silence

A

Caused by anxiety and uncertainty about what to say next

18
Q

Psycholinguistic silence

A

Related to encoding and decoding of speech

19
Q

Interactive silence

A

A product of interaction denoting relational status

Ex. Silence lovers share, cold silence, silence respecting elders

20
Q

Grammatical or ungrammatical pauses

A

Goldman-eisler 1968- grammatical pauses occur as a rule of language punctuation:

At end of sentences (periods) or before conjunctions (commas) etc.

21
Q

Response latency

A

The time between your silence and when your partner begins talking

22
Q

Interruptions

A

Tannen’s (1990) work to indicate that women talk more in private settings and men more in public settings

23
Q

Accent and dialect

A

Accent refers to the different ways words are said. It is a paralinguistic concern

Dialect refers to the use of different words to reference similar meanings. It is a linguistic concern

24
Q

Mulac (1976) says we judge accents with three primary dimensions:

A

Sociointellectual status (status, occupation, income, literacy)

Aesthetic quality (how pleasing or displeasing the accent is)

Dynamism (how aggressive, assertive, strong, loud, or active the voice is)

25
Q

SCADFISH

A

Sadness-slow tempo, low pitch, flat
Contempt-
Anger-fast tempo, high pitch, loud, harsh
Disgust-slow tempo, flat, hard sound, little intonation
Fear-fast tempos, pitch contour up, piercing
Interest- moderate tempo, even pitch, lively
Surprise-fast tempo, high pitch, startled
Happiness-fast tempo, higher pitch variation

26
Q

Vocal behavior and personality

A

Breathiness, thinness, flatness, nasality, tenseness, throatiness, orotundity, increased rate, increased variety in pitch

BTFNTTOII

27
Q

Vocal Breathiness

A

Marilyn Monroe or Jessica rabbit

Women see as sexier, more high strung and shallow

Men seen as gay or younger or artistic

Michael Jackson, Janet Jackson, mike Tyson

28
Q

Vocal Thinness

A

Women seen as socially and physically, emotionally and mentally immature

However no personality judgements are made towards men with thin voices

Some voice types are positive for males and not females and vice versa

29
Q

Vocal flatness

A

Monotone, dull and boring

Same for males and females: not positive, dull, and boring

Professor from Ferris bueller’s day off

Sylvester Stallone

Squidward

30
Q

Vocal nasality

A

The worst voice to have

Someone who speaks through their nose, people from Wisconsin and certain NY Burroughs

Urkel the nerd from family matters

31
Q

Vocal tenseness

A

Tending throat muscles and gritting teeth to talk

Clint Eastwood and Dirty Harry

32
Q

Vocal throatiness

A

Easy to recognize

A raspy voice/smoker’s voice
Raspy and throaty not the same tho

Marge and her twin sisters

33
Q

Vocal Orotundity

A

Voice comes from diaphragm

Intense deep voices, seen as more credible, gregarious and lively although women can be seen as humorless

James earl jones, John Goodman, Oprah Winfrey, and Morgan freeman

34
Q

Increased vocal rate and vocal variety

A

Ellen degeneres and spongebob

Interesting, speaker seen as lively and intelligent

However too much seems forced

35
Q

Vocal behavior and learning

A

Monotone voice is worst enemy of teacher: thwarts attention and interest

Rely on vocal clarity, variety and naturalness to contribute to comprehension

36
Q

Vocal behavior and persuasion

A

Faster rates associated with competence, expertise and intelligence

Disfluencies such as tongue slips, stuttering, repetitions, and vocal buffers harm perceptions of competence, dynamism

37
Q

Vocal characteristics of good delivery

A

Volume control

Faster rate of speech

Use of pitch to clarify

Good articulation

Fluent speech

Effective pauses

Comm 400 Test 2 (3 decks)

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