Chapter 6 Vocabulary

Question 1

The outer layer that maintains the cell’s shape and protects the cell from mechanical damage; made of cellulose, other polysaccharides, and protein

Answer 1

cell wall

Question 2

material consisting of DNA and proteins; visible in a dividing cell as individual condensed chromosomes

Answer 2

chromatin

Question 3

produced by cells as a connective tissue

Answer 3

collagen

Question 4

a system of membranes of a eukaryotic cell, includes the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, various kinds of vesicles and vacuoles, and the plasma membrane

Answer 4

endomembrane system

Question 5

the theory which proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts share a similar origin, based on their similarities in double-membrane structures, ribosomes, and circular DNA molecules and reproduction within the cell

Answer 5

endosymbiont theory

Question 6

a network of cells organized in a cell-specific manner, creating a structurally stable composite that contributes to tissue mechanical properties

Answer 6

extracellular matrix

Question 7

proteins are modified stored and shipped, consists of flattened sacs of membranes called cisternae stacked, have polarity, cis face receives and trans face ships vesicles, products of the ER are modified here, extensive in cells specialized for secretion

Answer 7

Golgi apparatus

Question 8

digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed

Answer 8

lysosome

Question 9

Area in the nucleus of a cell where most genetic information is stored

Answer 9

nucleoid

Question 10

a structure within a cell that performs a function

Answer 10

organelle

Question 11

the process by which a cell’s plasma membrane envelopes another object

Answer 11

phagocytosis

Question 12

channels between plant cells through which materials are transported between

Answer 12

plasmodesmata

Question 13

nonmembranous organelles that make proteins; free in the cytoplasm or bound to rough ER or nuclear envelope

Answer 13

ribosome

Question 14

sections of the neighboring animal cell membrane where cells are fused creating a watertight seal

Answer 14

tight junction

Question 15

photosynthetic organelle; converts energy of sunlight to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules

Answer 15

chloroplast

Question 16

region located near the nucleus from which microtubules grow contain centrioles in animal cells

Answer 16

chromosome

Question 17

the thick solution which fills cells and is held together by the cell membrane

Answer 17

cytoplasm

Question 18

makes up more than half of the total membrane structures in many cells, a network of membranes and sacs whose internal area is called cisternal space, smooth and rough variants, rough has ribosomes attached

Answer 18

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 19

found in animals fungi plants and protists, have membrane-bound organelles in the cytosol, and have a nucleus

Answer 19

eukaryotic cell

Question 20

channels between adjacent animal cells through which ions sugars communication molecules and other small molecules can pass

Answer 20

gap junction

Question 21

regulates growth migration and duplication

Answer 21

integrin

Question 22

organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is generated

Answer 22

mitochondrion

Question 23

contains most of a cell’s DNA, most noticeable organelle in the cell because of its large size, surrounded by the nuclear envelope, contains chromatin and the nucleolus

Answer 23

nucleus

Question 24

organelle with various specialized metabolic functions; produces hydrogen peroxide

Answer 24

peroxisome

Question 25

membrane enclosing the cell selectively chooses what materials can pass into the cell

Answer 25

plasma membrane

Question 26

small organelles containing pigment or food

Answer 26

plastid

Question 27

flattened sacs where reactions involving light are performed during photosynthesis

Answer 27

thylakoid