Chapter 6 Vocab

Question 1

Energy

Answer 1

The capacity to do work or cause heat flow

Question 2

Law of Conservation of Energy

Answer 2

Energy can be converted from one form to another but can neither created nor destroyed

Question 3

Potential Energy

Answer 3

Energy due to position or composition

Question 4

Kinetic Energy

1/2mv^2

Answer 4

Energy due to the motion of an object; dependent on the mass and the square of its velocity

Question 5

Heat

Answer 5

Energy transferred between two objects due to a temperature difference between them

Question 6

Work

Answer 6

Force acting over a distance

Question 7

Pathway

Answer 7

The way energy transfer is divided between work and heat depends on the specific conditions

Question 8

State Function (Property)

Answer 8

A property that is independent of the pathway

Question 9

System

Answer 9

The part of the universe in which attention is to be focused

Question 10

Surroundings

Answer 10

Everything in the universe surrounding a thermodynamic system

Question 11

Exothermic

Answer 11

Refers to a reaction where energy (as heat) flows out of the system

Question 12

Endothermic

Answer 12

Refers to a reaction where energy (as heat) flows into the system

Question 13

Thermodynamics

Answer 13

The study of energy and its interconversions

Question 14

1st Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 14

The energy of the universe is constant; same as the law of conservation of energy

Question 15

Internal Energy 
(Delta)E=q+w

Answer 15

A property of a system that can be changed by a flow of work, heat, or both
(Delta)E is the change in the internal energy of the system
q is heat
w is work

Question 16

Enthalpy

Answer 16

A property of a system equal to E+PV where E is the internal energy of the system, P is the pressure of the system, and V is is the volume of the system. At a constant pressure the change in enthalpy equals the energy flow as heat

Question 17

Calorimeter

Answer 17

The device used experimentally to determine the heat associated with a chemical reaction

Question 18

Calorimetry

Answer 18

The science of measuring heat flow

Question 19

Heat Capacity

Answer 19

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of an object by one degree Celsius

Question 20

Specific Heat Capacity

Answer 20

The energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius

Question 21

Molar Heat Capacity

Answer 21

The energy required to raise the temperature of one mole of a substance by one degree Celsius

Question 22

Constant Pressure Calorimetry

Answer 22

The measure of heat using a simple calorimeter

Question 23

Constant Volume Calorimetry

Answer 23

A bomb calorimeter is used

Question 24

Hess’s law

Answer 24

Enthalpy change is the same whether the reaction takes place in one step or in a series of steps

Question 25

Standard Enthalpy of Formation

Answer 25

The enthalpy change that accompanies the formation of one mole of a compound at 25 degrees Celsius from its elements with all substances in their standard states at that temperature

Question 26

Standard State

Answer 26

A reference state for a specific substance defined according to a set of conventional definitions

Question 27

Fossil fuels

Answer 27

Coal, petroleum, or natural gas; consists of carbon based molecules derived from decomposition of once-living organisms

Question 28

Petroleum

Answer 28

A thick dark liquid composed mostly of compounds called hydrocarbons that contain carbon and hydrogen

Question 29

Natural gas

Answer 29

Consists mostly of methane but also contains significant amounts of ethane, propane, and butane

Question 30

Coal

Answer 30

Formed by the remains of plants that were buried and subjected to high pressure and heat over long periods of time

Question 31

Greenhouse Effect

Answer 31

A warming exerted by the earths atmosphere due to thermal energy retained by absorption of infrared radiation

Question 32

Syngas

Answer 32

A synthetic gas, mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, obtained by coal gasification