Chapter 6 Vocab Flashcards
a sentence whereby the accused is discharged rather than convicted, even though the charge is proven, or the plea is guilty
absolute discharge
review by the parole board for the release of an offender who has either committed a non-violent offence or a drug offence where the judge did not set parole eligibility at one-half of the sentence, and who has served one-third of the sentence
accelerated review
a private person chose, by the parties to a labour dispute for the purpose of hearing their arguments, and giving a judgment
appellant
the requirement by a judge of a person to keep the peace and be of good behaviour
binding-over
a form of insurance guaranteeing the honesty of a person handling money or other valuables
bonding
to receive the death penalty for committing a crime
capital punishment
community service a sentencing option whereby a judge instructs an offender to do some specific work in the community under supervision
community service order
something given to make amends for a loss; for example, damages to an injured plaintiff
compensation
the serving of two or more sentences at the same time
concurrent sentence
a discharge with certain conditions, such as probation, attached; if conditions are violated, offender can be brought back to court and given the original sentence on the charge
conditional discharge
the serving of two or more sentences one after the other
consecutive sentence
government agencies responsible for probation services and the incarceration and supervision of inmates and their parole
correctional services
a person who has committed serious personal injury involving the use or attempted use of violence, and who is sentenced to an indeterminate sentence
dangerous offender
release of an offender into the community under specific conditions and supervision for the day, with reincarceration at night
day parole
the action of expelling someone to his or her country of origin
deportation
something that serves to discourage a person from doing something; a sentencing objective
deterrence
sentences that keep offenders out of prison; for example, suspended sentences and probation
diversion programs
absence from an institution for an inmate, under the direct supervision of a parole officer, correctional service staff member, or citizen volunteer
escorted absence
a statement of facts, summarizing both sides of a case, for an appeal
factum
a sentencing option that allows offenders to earn credit for doing community work; an option to paying a fine
fine option program
a remission of punishment under which the person granted a pardon is considered not to have committed the offence for which he or she has been convicted
free pardon
release of an offender into the community under specific conditions and supervision
full parole
imprisonment or confinement
incarceration
a term of imprisonment during which a convicted person may be released on parole at any time; often used for dangerous offenders
indeterminate sentence
a written complaint, made under oath, stating that there is reason to believe that a person has committed a criminal offence
information
a sentence served, at the judge’s discretion, on weekends or at night to allow the offender to maintain a job; only imposed for sentences of less than 90 days
intermittent sentence
a remission of punishment under which the person granted the pardon is considered guilty, but is forgiven by the Crown and released
ordinary pardon
early release of an inmate from prison on certain conditions to be followed; available after serving one-third of sentence or seven years, whichever is less
parole
an inmate released on parole
parolee
the study of the reform and rehabilitation of offenders and the management of prisons
penology
a report prepared for the court prior to the sentencing of an accused which sets out the accused’s background
pre-sentence report
concept that a person who has committed several violations of the same offence should not receive an oppressively long prison term
principle of totality
a sentencing option whereby a convicted person may be released instead of imprisoned, on the condition that he or she must be of good behaviours and must follow whatever conditions are imposed by the judge; common for first offenders
probation
an order by a court allowing a person to live in the community under the supervision of a probation office, instead of serving a term of imprisonment
probation order
relapse into crime; the return to prison of criminal repeaters
recidivism
the restoration of a person to good physical, mental, and moral health through treatment and training; a sentencing objective
rehabilitation
the process of preparing a person to allow him or her to function adequately in society when released from prison
resocialization
party in an action who opposes the appeal; the defendant in a divorce action
respondent
the act of making good; the act of returning that which was taken unlawfully from a person
restitution
a deserved penalty for a wrong or crime; vengeance, a sentencing objective
retribution
the right of the monarch to reduce a criminal sentence imposed on a convicted person, or the Cabinet’s right to grant a pardon
Royal Prerogative of Mercy
the act of keeping an inmate in prison apart from other inmates; placing dangerous offenders in prison to protect society; a sentencing objective
segregation
release of an inmate from an institution as required by a statute
statutory release
a judgment wherein sentencing is put off until a later date, and if the offender meets certain conditions, will not occur at all
suspended sentence
a sentencing option involving the removal of privileges, such as driving or attending school
suspension
absences from an institution granted to an offender for medical, administrative, community service, family contact, and personal development rehabilitative reasons
temporary absence
Latin phrase for “a new trial”; a new trial or retrial in which the whole case is retried as if no previous trial had occurred
trial de novo
the temporary release of an inmate on humanitarian or medical grounds without an escort
unescorted absence
a statement from the victim, describing the effect of the offence on his or her life, used by a judge as a factor in sentencing an accused
victim impact statement
an offender is released into the community to work on a paid or voluntary basis
work release
