Chapter 6 Vocab

Question 1

a sentence whereby the accused is discharged rather than convicted, even though the charge is proven, or the plea is guilty

Answer 1

absolute discharge

Question 2

review by the parole board for the release of an offender who has either committed a non-violent offence or a drug offence where the judge did not set parole eligibility at one-half of the sentence, and who has served one-third of the sentence

Answer 2

accelerated review

Question 3

a private person chosen, by the parties to a labour dispute for the purpose of hearing their arguments, and giving a judgement

Answer 3

appellant

Question 4

the requirement by a judge of a person to keep the peace and be of good behaviour

Answer 4

binding-over

Question 5

a form of insurance guaranteeing the honesty of a person handling money or other valuables

Answer 5

bonding

Question 6

to receive the death penalty for committing a crime

Answer 6

capital punishment

Question 7

a sentencing option whereby a judge instructs an offender to do some specific work in the community under supervision

Answer 7

community service order

Question 8

something given to make amends for a less; for example, damages to an injured plaintiff

Answer 8

compensation

Question 9

the serving of two or more sentences at the same time

Answer 9

concurrent sentence

Question 10

a discharge with certain conditions, such as probation, attached; if conditions are violated, offender can be brought back to court and given the original sentence on the charge

Answer 10

conditional discharge

Question 11

the serving of two or more sentences one after the other

Answer 11

consecutive sentence

Question 12

government agencies responsible for probation services and the incarceration and supervision of inmates and their parole

Answer 12

correctional services

Question 13

a person who has committed serious personal injury involving the use or attempted use of violence, and who i sentences to an indeterminate sentence

Answer 13

dangerous offender

Question 14

release of an offender into the community under specific conditions and supervision for the day, with reincarceration at night

Answer 14

day parole

Question 15

the action of expelling someone to his or her country of origin

Answer 15

deportation

Question 16

something that serves to discourage a person from doing something; a sentencing objective

Answer 16

deterrence

Question 17

sentences that keep offenders out of prison; for example, suspended sentences and probation

Answer 17

diversion programs

Question 18

absence from an institution for an inmate, under the direct supervision of a parole officer, correctional service staff member, or citizen volunteer

Answer 18

escorted absence

Question 19

a statement of facts, summarizing both sides of a case, for an appeal

Answer 19

factum

Question 20

a sentencing option that allows offenders to earn credit for doing community work; an option to paying a fine

Answer 20

fine option program

Question 21

a remission of punishment under which the person granted a pardon is considered not to have committed the offence for which he or she has been convicted

Answer 21

free pardon

Question 22

release for an offender into the community under specific conditions and supervision

Answer 22

full parole

Question 23

imprisonment or confinement

Answer 23

incarceration

Question 24

a term of imprisonment during which a convicted person may be released on parole at any time, often used for dangerous offenders

Answer 24

indeterminate sentence

Question 25

a written complaint, made under oath, stating that there is reason to believe that a person has committed a criminal offence

Answer 25

information

Question 26

a sentence served, at the judge's discretion, on weekends or at night to allow the offender to maintain a job; only imposed for sentences of less than 90 days

Answer 26

intermittent sentence

Question 27

a remission of punishment under which the person granted the pardon is considered guilty, but is forgiven by the crown and released

Answer 27

ordinary pardon

Question 28

early released of an inmate from prison on certain conditions to be followed; available after serving one-third of sentence or seven years, whichever is less

Answer 28

parole

Question 29

an inmate released on parole

Answer 29

parolee

Question 30

the study of the reform and rehabilitation of offenders and the management of prisons

Answer 30

penology

Question 31

a report prepared for the court prior to the sentencing of an accused which sets out the accused's background

Answer 31

pre-sentence report

Question 32

concept that a person who as committed several violations of the same offence should not receive an oppressively long prison term

Answer 32

principle of totality

Question 33

a sentencing option whereby a convicted person may be released instead of imprisoned, on the condition that he or she must be of good behaviour and must follow whatever conditions are imposed by the judge; common for first offenders

Answer 33

probation

Question 34

an order by a court allowing a person to live in the community under the supervision of a probation office, instead of serving a term of imprisonment

Answer 34

probation order

Question 35

relapse into crime, the return to prison of criminal repeaters

Answer 35

recidivism

Question 36

the restoration of a person to good physical, mental, and moral health through treatment and training; a sentencing objective

Answer 36

rehabilitation

Question 37

the process or preparing a person to allow him or her to function adequately in society when released from prison; see also rehabilitation

Answer 37

resocialization

Question 38

1 - the party in an action who opposes the appeal; | 2 - the defendant in a divorce action

Answer 38

respondent

Question 39

the act of making good, the act of returning that which was taken unlawfully from a person

Answer 39

restitution

Question 40

a deserved penalty for a wrong or crime; vengeance; a sentencing objective

Answer 40

retribution

Question 41

the right of the monarch to reduce a criminal sentence imposed on a convicted person, or the Cabinet's right to grant a pardon

Answer 41

Royal Prerogative of Mercy

Question 42

the act of keeping an inmate in prison apart from other inmates; placing dangerous offenders in prison to protect society; a sentencing objective

Answer 42

segregation

Question 43

release of an inmate from an institution as required by a statue

Answer 43

statutory release

Question 44

a judgement wherein sentencing is put off until a later date, and if the offender meets certain conditions, will not occur at all

Answer 44

suspended sentence

Question 45

a sentencing option involving the removal of privileges, such as driving or attending school

Answer 45

suspension

Question 46

absences from an institution granted to an offender for medical, administrative, community service, family contact, and personal development rehabilitative reasons

Answer 46

temporary absence

Question 47

Latin phrase for "a new trial"; a new trial or retrial in which the whole case is retried as if no previous trial had occurred

Answer 47

trial de novo

Question 48

the temporary release of an inmate on humanitarian or medical grounds without an escort

Answer 48

unescorted absence

Question 49

a statement from the victim, describing the effect of the offence on his or her life, used by a judge as a factor in sentencing an accused

Answer 49

victim impact statement

Question 50

an offender is released into the community to work on a paid or voluntary basis

Answer 50

work release