Chapter 6 Vocab Flashcards
Icon
Painted images of Christ and the Saints
Excommunicate
Depriving an individual of the sacraments and excluding him from the fellowship of the church
Greek fire
Constantinople’s chemical secret weapon
Crusades
When the West sent several military expeditions to free the east from Muslim invaders
Mosaic
Inlaid pieces of glass or stone in wet cement or plaster
Rus
The Slavic designation of the Norsemen; rowers or seafarers
Bedouin
Arab nomads who traveled through the harsh desert wilderness in independent bands searching for pastureland and water for their livestock
Allah
The god of Islam
Islam
A religion based on the teaching of Muhammed
Muslim
Follower of Islam; “submitter to Allah”
Hegira
The flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina; year one of the Muslim calendar
Caliphs
Successors of Muhammad who directed the affairs of Islam and exercised, spiritual, political, and military authority
Jihad
Islamic “holy war”
Calligraphy
The art of beautiful writing
Mosque
Place of Muslim worship
Minaret
A tower that is part of or adjacent to a mosque
Muezzin
One who calls faithful Muslims to prayer five times a day from a minaret
Byzantine Empire
The eastern Roman Empire after the Western Roman Empire fell
New Rome
Constantine’s name for Constantinople
Justinian
Byzantine emperor
Nika Revolt
A popular uprising crushed by Justinian early in his reign; the turning point of his reign
Justinian Code
A systematic arrangement of laws that clarified Roman legal principles
Hagia Sophia
Cathedral in Constantinople built by Justinian; finest example of Byzantine architecture
Eastern Orthodox Church
Made up of various national churches that refused to recognize the Church of Rome’s claim of control
1054
When the pope sent a delegation to Constantinople stating that he was assuming authority over the churches that had previously been under the patriarch’s authority
Basil II
Bulgar slayer; led Byzantine Empire to its height of military success
Seljuk Turks
Nomadic tribes from Central Asia that adopted Arab culture and the Islamic religion
Battle of Manzikert
Battle in Asia Minor between the Seljuk Turks and the Byzantines; established Turkish control of Asia Minor
1453
When the Byzantine empire came to an end; the Muslim Ottoman Turks, sacked Constantinople and killed the last Byzantine emperor
Ottoman Turks
Muslim invaders that sacked Constantinople
Cyril
A Byzantine missionary that developed the foundation of the Slavic written language
Methodius
A Byzantine missionary that developed the foundation of the Slavic written language
Slavs
The largest ethnic group in Russia, whose ancestors played a major role in establishing the early Russian state
Varangians
Swedish Norsemen who plundered Slavic villages during the eighth and ninth centuries
Rurik
Varangian warrior that gained control of Novgorod about 862
Vladimir I
Kievan ruler that made Orthodox Christianity as the official state religion in 988
Yaroslav
Strengthened Kiev’s position of leadership
Tartars
Fierce Mongolian warriors from Central Asia that destroyed Kiev
Ishmael
To whom the the Arabs trace their lineage ; Son of Abraham and brother off Isaac
Muhammed
Whose teachings the Muslims base their religion off of
Kaaba
A sacred shrine in Mecca that housed hundreds of pagan idols
622
Year of the Hegira
Koran
The sacred book of the Muslims
Five pillars of Islam
Muslim’s religious duties in order to get to heaven
Abu Bakr
First caliph of Islam
Umayyads
People that created a hereditary dynasty for Islam instead of caliphs
Battle of Tours
Year 732; Franks stopped Muslim expansion; France
Abbasid
Caliphate that marked the peak of the Muslim empire; during this caliphate the political unity of the Muslim world collapsed
al-Razi
Muslim physician; remembered for his work with smallpox
ibn Sina
Muslim physician; remembered for his work with tuberculosis
Omar Khayyam
Most renowned Muslim poet and also a famed mathematician
Theodora
Wife of emperor Justinian who encouraged him to stay even with the Nika Revolt
