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BSC2010 > Chapter 6 Tour of the cell > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Tour of the cell Flashcards

1
Q

Cells are small because

A

of the geometric relationships between surface and volume

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2
Q

Cell junctions in plant cells are called __________, and communicating junctions in animal cells are called __________.

A

plasmodesmata; gap junctions

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3
Q

Channels that connect cells

A

plasmodesmata

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4
Q

Which of the following groups is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell?

A

Ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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5
Q

The endosymbiont theory explains the origins of

A

mitochondria and chloroplasts

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6
Q

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to

A

secrete a lot of protein

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7
Q

The endoplasmic reticulum is part of the endomembrane system, which also includes the __________

A

nuclear envelope, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles

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8
Q

Which of the following is false in respect to cells’ chromosomes?

A

Chromosomes are only visible as a cell is about to divide.

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9
Q

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they __________

A

have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm

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10
Q

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?

A

Ribosomes

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11
Q

are membrane-bound metabolic compartments that specialize in the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and its conversion to water.

A

Peroxisomes

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12
Q

The network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in a cell

A

is the cytoskeleton

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13
Q

Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the following?

A

Motor proteins

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14
Q

Microfilaments function in cell motility including __________.

A

muscle contraction, amoeboid movement, and cytoplasmic streaming in plants

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15
Q

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they __________.

A

have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm

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16
Q

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?

A

Ribosomes

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17
Q

The extracellular matrix of the animal cell has all of the following molecular components except __________.

A

a middle lamella

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18
Q

Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through __________.

A

plasmodesmata

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19
Q

Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why?

A

The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.

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20
Q

In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization.

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21
Q

A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized __________.

A

in the rough endoplasmic reticulum

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22
Q

Cell motility, which includes changes both in cell location and in the movement of cell parts, requires interactions of the cytoskeleton __________.

A

with motor proteins

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23
Q

What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane?

A

Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.

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24
Q

Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through __________.

A

plasmodesmata

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25
Q

Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why?

A

The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.

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26
Q

A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through __________.

A

the plasma membrane

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27
Q

The function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is

A

to synthesize proteins that are secreted as glycoproteins

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28
Q

The region of a bacterial cell that contains the genetic material is called the __________.

A

nucleoid

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29
Q

Observing a fluorescent micrograph cell with intermediate filaments would help you identify the cell as a __________.

A

human skin cell

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30
Q

Evidence that supports the prokaryotic origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts are all of the following except __________.

A

that mitochondria and chloroplasts have multiple copies of linear DNA molecules associated with their inner membranes

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31
Q

The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized __________.

A

in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi apparatus

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32
Q

Animal cells have unique organelles called __________ that are composed of structures called __________.

A

centrosomes; centrioles

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33
Q

Which statement about the cytoskeleton is true?

A

Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.

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34
Q

Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components?

A

Cilia

35
Q

Which of the following is a common trait of chloroplasts and mitochondria?

A

both contain their own DNA

36
Q

Structures that only plant cells have

A

chloroplast, cellulose cell wall, central vacuole

37
Q

Structures that only animal cells have

A

centriole

38
Q

Function of plant cell wall

A

Strong, protective structure made from cellulose fibrils

39
Q

Function of central vacuole

A

regulates cytoplasm composition, creates internal pressure, and stores cell compounds

40
Q

Function of mitochondrion

A

produces chemical energy (ATP) that can power the cell

41
Q

Function of golgi apparatus

A

modifies and packages proteins

42
Q

Structure and function of chloroplasts

A

make sugar by converting light energy to chemical energy.
They contain the green pigment chlorophyll.
They have membranous sacs called thylakoids that are surrounded by a fluid called stroma

43
Q

common trait of chloroplasts and mitochondria?

A

both contain their own DNA

44
Q

In eukaryotic flagella, the fibers that slide past one another due to the activity of dynein proteins are

A

microtubules

45
Q

Many cell organelles, most notably the nucleus, are anchored by —————- which are assembled from a diverse class of proteins.

A

intermediate filaments

46
Q

Centrosomes are sites where protein dimers assemble into

A

microtubules

47
Q

The extension of pseudopodia in amoeba is due to the regulated assembly and destruction of

A

microfilaments

48
Q

The only cytoskeletal fibers not associated with intracellular movement or whole cell locomotion are the

A

intermediate filaments

49
Q

During muscle contractions, myosin motor proteins move across tracks of

A

microfilaments

50
Q

cell junctions that form a barrier to the passage of materials

A

tight junctions

51
Q

The primary role of _____ is to bind animal cells together.

A

desmosomes

52
Q

_____ aid in the coordination of the activities of adjacent animal cells.

A

Gap (communicating) junctions

53
Q

Which of the following clues would tell you if a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

whether or not the cell is generally partitioned by internal membranes

54
Q

Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function?

A

central vacuole with storage

55
Q

_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.

A

Fimbriae

56
Q

What is a function of a bacterium’s capsule?

A

protection

57
Q

The DNA-containing region of this bacterial cell

A

nucleoid

58
Q

In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?

A

ribosomes

59
Q

What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?

A

cell wall

60
Q

The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.

A

plasma membrane

61
Q

Describe the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell?

A

The nuclear envelope is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.

62
Q

Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?

A

lysosome

63
Q

statements about the endomembrane system is correct?

A

Proteins that will be secreted from the cell are likely to be found in closed spaces bounded by membranes of the endomembrane system.

64
Q

Function of smooth ER

A

lipid synthesis, calcium ion storage, poison detoxification

65
Q

Function of rough ER

A

protein synthesis

66
Q

Function of Golgi Apparatus

A

cisternal maturation, protein modification and sorting

67
Q

Function of Lysosomes

A

macromolecule digestion, autophagy

68
Q

All proteins are synthesized by ribosomes in the cell. Some ribosomes float freely in the cytosol, while others are bound to the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. Most proteins made by free ribosomes function in the cytosol. Proteins made by bound ribosomes either function within the endomembrane system or pass through it and are secreted from the cell.
Which of the following proteins are synthesized by bound ribosomes?

A

insulin, lysosomal enzyme, ER protein

69
Q

The pathway of secretory proteins

A

Endoplasmic reticulum -> cis Golgi cisternae -> medial Golgi cisternae -> trans Golgi cisternae -> plasma membrane

70
Q

The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of

A

microtubules

71
Q

functions associated with the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

A

the contraction of muscle cells in animals, determining the shape of animal cells, maintaining the position of the nucleus in the cell, the beating of cilia or flagella

72
Q

Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the

A

nucleolus

73
Q

are the sites of protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

74
Q

organelle that manufactures proteins bound for secretion out of the cell?

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

75
Q

The _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell.

A

plasma membrane

76
Q

Where is calcium stored?

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

77
Q

identical in structure to centrioles.

A

Basal bodies

78
Q

Function of extracellular structures

A

Information can be transmitted from these extracellular structures to the cytoplasm.

79
Q

Cyanide binds to at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. In a cell exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be in

A

mitochondria.

80
Q

Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes?

A

phagocytic white blood cell

81
Q

Which statement correctly describes an endomembrane function?

A

Products of the ER are usually modified during their transit from the cis to the trans region of the Golgi apparatus.

82
Q

differences between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

A

The outer surface of smooth ER lacks ribosomes, whereas the outer surface of rough ER has ribosomes.

83
Q

description of the cell cytoskeleton

A

The cell cytoskeleton is a dynamic network of fibers that can be quickly dismantled and reassembled to change cell shape and the position of cell components.

BSC2010 (1 decks)

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