Chapter 6 Tour of the cell

Question 1

Cells are small because

Answer 1

of the geometric relationships between surface and volume

Question 2

Cell junctions in plant cells are called __________, and communicating junctions in animal cells are called __________.

Answer 2

plasmodesmata; gap junctions

Question 3

Channels that connect cells

Answer 3

plasmodesmata

Question 4

Which of the following groups is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell?

Answer 4

Ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 5

The endosymbiont theory explains the origins of

Answer 5

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 6

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to

Answer 6

secrete a lot of protein

Question 7

The endoplasmic reticulum is part of the endomembrane system, which also includes the __________

Answer 7

nuclear envelope, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles

Question 8

Which of the following is false in respect to cells’ chromosomes?

Answer 8

Chromosomes are only visible as a cell is about to divide.

Question 9

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they __________

Answer 9

have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm

Question 10

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 10

Ribosomes

Question 11

are membrane-bound metabolic compartments that specialize in the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and its conversion to water.

Answer 11

Peroxisomes

Question 12

The network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in a cell

Answer 12

is the cytoskeleton

Question 13

Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the following?

Answer 13

Motor proteins

Question 14

Microfilaments function in cell motility including __________.

Answer 14

muscle contraction, amoeboid movement, and cytoplasmic streaming in plants

Question 15

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they __________.

Answer 15

have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm

Question 16

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 16

Ribosomes

Question 17

The extracellular matrix of the animal cell has all of the following molecular components except __________.

Answer 17

a middle lamella

Question 18

Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through __________.

Answer 18

plasmodesmata

Question 19

Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why?

Answer 19

The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.

Question 20

In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 20

Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization.

Question 21

A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized __________.

Answer 21

in the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 22

Cell motility, which includes changes both in cell location and in the movement of cell parts, requires interactions of the cytoskeleton __________.

Answer 22

with motor proteins

Question 23

What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane?

Answer 23

Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.

Question 24

Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through __________.

Answer 24

plasmodesmata

Question 25

Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why?

Answer 25

The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.

Question 26

A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through __________.

Answer 26

the plasma membrane

Question 27

The function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is

Answer 27

to synthesize proteins that are secreted as glycoproteins

Question 28

The region of a bacterial cell that contains the genetic material is called the __________.

Answer 28

nucleoid

Question 29

Observing a fluorescent micrograph cell with intermediate filaments would help you identify the cell as a __________.

Answer 29

human skin cell

Question 30

Evidence that supports the prokaryotic origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts are all of the following except __________.

Answer 30

that mitochondria and chloroplasts have multiple copies of linear DNA molecules associated with their inner membranes

Question 31

The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized __________.

Answer 31

in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi apparatus

Question 32

Animal cells have unique organelles called __________ that are composed of structures called __________.

Answer 32

centrosomes; centrioles

Question 33

Which statement about the cytoskeleton is true?

Answer 33

Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.

Question 34

Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components?

Answer 34

Cilia

Question 35

Which of the following is a common trait of chloroplasts and mitochondria?

Answer 35

both contain their own DNA

Question 36

Structures that only plant cells have

Answer 36

chloroplast, cellulose cell wall, central vacuole

Question 37

Structures that only animal cells have

Answer 37

centriole

Question 38

Function of plant cell wall

Answer 38

Strong, protective structure made from cellulose fibrils

Question 39

Function of central vacuole

Answer 39

regulates cytoplasm composition, creates internal pressure, and stores cell compounds

Question 40

Function of mitochondrion

Answer 40

produces chemical energy (ATP) that can power the cell

Question 41

Function of golgi apparatus

Answer 41

modifies and packages proteins

Question 42

Structure and function of chloroplasts

Answer 42

make sugar by converting light energy to chemical energy. They contain the green pigment chlorophyll. They have membranous sacs called thylakoids that are surrounded by a fluid called stroma

Question 43

common trait of chloroplasts and mitochondria?

Answer 43

both contain their own DNA

Question 44

In eukaryotic flagella, the fibers that slide past one another due to the activity of dynein proteins are

Answer 44

microtubules

Question 45

Many cell organelles, most notably the nucleus, are anchored by ---------------- which are assembled from a diverse class of proteins.

Answer 45

intermediate filaments

Question 46

Centrosomes are sites where protein dimers assemble into

Answer 46

microtubules

Question 47

The extension of pseudopodia in amoeba is due to the regulated assembly and destruction of

Answer 47

microfilaments

Question 48

The only cytoskeletal fibers not associated with intracellular movement or whole cell locomotion are the

Answer 48

intermediate filaments

Question 49

During muscle contractions, myosin motor proteins move across tracks of

Answer 49

microfilaments

Question 50

cell junctions that form a barrier to the passage of materials

Answer 50

tight junctions

Question 51

The primary role of _____ is to bind animal cells together.

Answer 51

desmosomes

Question 52

_____ aid in the coordination of the activities of adjacent animal cells.

Answer 52

Gap (communicating) junctions

Question 53

Which of the following clues would tell you if a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Answer 53

whether or not the cell is generally partitioned by internal membranes

Question 54

Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function?

Answer 54

central vacuole with storage

Question 55

_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.

Answer 55

Fimbriae

Question 56

What is a function of a bacterium's capsule?

Answer 56

protection

Question 57

The DNA-containing region of this bacterial cell

Answer 57

nucleoid

Question 58

In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?

Answer 58

ribosomes

Question 59

What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?

Answer 59

cell wall

Question 60

The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.

Answer 60

plasma membrane

Question 61

Describe the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 61

The nuclear envelope is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 62

Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?

Answer 62

lysosome

Question 63

statements about the endomembrane system is correct?

Answer 63

Proteins that will be secreted from the cell are likely to be found in closed spaces bounded by membranes of the endomembrane system.

Question 64

Function of smooth ER

Answer 64

lipid synthesis, calcium ion storage, poison detoxification

Question 65

Function of rough ER

Answer 65

protein synthesis

Question 66

Function of Golgi Apparatus

Answer 66

cisternal maturation, protein modification and sorting

Question 67

Function of Lysosomes

Answer 67

macromolecule digestion, autophagy

Question 68

All proteins are synthesized by ribosomes in the cell. Some ribosomes float freely in the cytosol, while others are bound to the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. Most proteins made by free ribosomes function in the cytosol. Proteins made by bound ribosomes either function within the endomembrane system or pass through it and are secreted from the cell. Which of the following proteins are synthesized by bound ribosomes?

Answer 68

insulin, lysosomal enzyme, ER protein

Question 69

The pathway of secretory proteins

Answer 69

Endoplasmic reticulum -> cis Golgi cisternae -> medial Golgi cisternae -> trans Golgi cisternae -> plasma membrane

Question 70

The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of

Answer 70

microtubules

Question 71

functions associated with the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 71

the contraction of muscle cells in animals, determining the shape of animal cells, maintaining the position of the nucleus in the cell, the beating of cilia or flagella

Question 72

Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the

Answer 72

nucleolus

Question 73

are the sites of protein synthesis

Answer 73

Ribosomes

Question 74

organelle that manufactures proteins bound for secretion out of the cell?

Answer 74

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 75

The _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell.

Answer 75

plasma membrane

Question 76

Where is calcium stored?

Answer 76

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 77

identical in structure to centrioles.

Answer 77

Basal bodies

Question 78

Function of extracellular structures

Answer 78

Information can be transmitted from these extracellular structures to the cytoplasm.

Question 79

Cyanide binds to at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. In a cell exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be in

Answer 79

mitochondria.

Question 80

Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes?

Answer 80

phagocytic white blood cell

Question 81

Which statement correctly describes an endomembrane function?

Answer 81

Products of the ER are usually modified during their transit from the cis to the trans region of the Golgi apparatus.

Question 82

differences between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

Answer 82

The outer surface of smooth ER lacks ribosomes, whereas the outer surface of rough ER has ribosomes.

Question 83

description of the cell cytoskeleton

Answer 83

The cell cytoskeleton is a dynamic network of fibers that can be quickly dismantled and reassembled to change cell shape and the position of cell components.