Chapter 6 to 9 Flashcards
Baath
The Arab Socialist Resurrection Party, a political party dedicated to Arab nationalism and socialism. Founded in Lebanon in the 1940s, the Baath Party controls Syria and controlled Iraq until the ouster of the Saddam Hussein government.
Hizbollah
An Iranian supported radical Shia group in Lebanon, often associated with terrorist activities; rival of the more moderate AMAL.
Ashkenazi
The term generally used to describe Jews of European origin, specifically from north central Europe.
Sephardic
Generally, the “Oriental” Jews of Spanish, African, Asian, or Middle Eastern origin. Specifically, the term refers to Jews from Spain.
intifadah
The uprising of Palestinians against Israeli occupation and rule in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. The first rebellion began in December 1987.
jahiliyya
The “time of wickedness” before Muhammad; also used by some fundamentalists to refer to the contemporary loss of Islamic moral guidance.
bida
Un-Islamic innovations or deviations from tradition.
modernism
(Islamic Modernism) An interpretation of Islam that stresses its abstract spiritual values, rationality, and commitment to social justice rather than the accumulated details of Sharia law, and that argues that these basic Islamic ideas are compatible with modern social life. Modernist interpretations of Islam have been set forth by various Islamic scholars in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
tawhid
The undivided unity of God and His authority over humankind; also refers to other, derivative concepts of unity, including social or political unity.
katib
The scribes, or record keepers, employed by the traditional governments, especially under the caliphate.
mutawwa
Semiofficial “religious police” in Saudi Arabia.
as shura
A consultative assembly appointed by the king or emir
jahiliyya
The “time of wickedness” before Muhammad; also used by some fundamentalists to refer to the contemporary loss of Islamic moral guidance.
