Chapter 6 - The Human Body

Question 1

The front surface of the body.

Answer 1

anterior

Question 2

The gas formed as a waste product of metabolism and excreted through the respiratory system during exhalation.

Answer 2

carbon dioxide

Question 3

A tough, elastic form of connective tissue that covers the ends of most bones to form joints; also found in some specific areas such as the nose and ears.

Answer 3

cartilage

Question 4

That section of the spinal column consisting of the seven vertebrae located in the neck.

Answer 4

cervical spine

Question 5

The heart and blood vessels, which together are responsible for the continuous flow of blood throughout the body.

Answer 5

circulatory system

Question 6

The tailbone; the small bone at the base of the spinal column.

Answer 6

coccyx

Question 7

A muscular dome that separates the chest from the abdominal cavity. Contraction of the diaphragm and the chest wall muscles brings air into the lungs; relaxation expels air from the lungs.

Answer 7

diaphragm

Question 8

The gastrointestinal tract (stomach and intestines), mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, rectum, and anus, which together are responsible for the absorption of food and the elimination of solid waste from the body.

Answer 8

digestive system

Question 9

Describing structures that are farther away from the trunk (or torso) or nearer to the free end of an extremity.

Answer 9

distal

Question 10

The valve located at the upper end of the voice box that prevents food from entering the larynx.

Answer 10

epiglottis

Question 11

The 11th and 12th ribs; they do not connect to the sternum.

Answer 11

floating ribs

Question 12

The organs of reproduction, together with the organs involved in the production and excretion of urine.

Answer 12

genitourinary system

Question 13

The upper arm bone.

Answer 13

humerus

Question 14

Nearer to the feet than the head.

Answer 14

inferior

Question 15

A hormone produced by the pancreas that enables glucose in the blood to be used by the cells of the body; supplementary insulin is used in the treatment of control and diabetes mellitus.

Answer 15

insulin

Question 16

The point where two bones come in contact with each other.

Answer 16

joint

Question 17

A structure composed of cartilage in the neck that guards the entrance to the windpipe and functions as the organ of voice; also called the voice box.

Answer 17

larynx

Question 18

Away from the midline of the body.

Answer 18

lateral

Question 19

Fibrous bands that connect bones to bones and support and strengthen joints.

Answer 19

ligaments

Question 20

The lower part of the back formed by the lowest five confused vertebrae.

Answer 20

lumbar spine

Question 21

Closer to the midline of the body.

Answer 21

medial

Question 22

An imaginary vertical line drawn from the head to toe that divides the body into equal left and right sides.

Answer 22

midline

Question 23

Fiber tracts or pathways that carry messages from the spinal cord and brain to all parts and back; sensory, motor, or combination of both.

Answer 23

nerves

Question 24

The brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

Answer 24

nervous system

Question 25

The closed bony ring, consisting of the sacrum and the pelvic bones, that connects the trunk to the lower extremities.

Answer 25

pelvis

Question 26

The clear, yellowish fluid of the blood that carries blood cells, transports nutrients, and removes cellular waste materials.

Answer 26

plasma

Question 27

Microscopic disk-shaped elements in the blood that are essential to the formation of a blood cot, the mechanism that stops bleeding.

Answer 27

platelets

Question 28

The back surface of the body.

Answer 28

posterior

Question 29

Closer to the trunk (or torso)

Answer 29

proximal

Question 30

The wave of pressure created by the heart as it contracts and forces blood out into the major arteries.

Answer 30

pulse

Question 31

The bone on the thumb side of the forearm.

Answer 31

radius

Question 32

All body structures that contribute to normal breathing.

Answer 32

respiratory system

Question 33

The paired arches of bone, 12 on either side, that extend from the thoracic vertebrae towards the anterior midline of the trunk.

Answer 33

ribs

Question 34

One of three bones that makes up the pelvic ring; forms the base of the spine.

Answer 34

sacrum

Question 35

The three bones of the upper extremity; the clavicle, the scapula, and the humerus.

Answer 35

Shoulder girdles

Question 36

The bones of the head, collectively; the protective structure for the brain.

Answer 36

skull

Question 37

The breastbone.

Answer 37

sternum

Question 38

closer to the head or above a body part.

Answer 38

superior

Question 39

Tough, ropelike cords or fibrous tissue that attach muscle to bone.

Answer 39

tendons

Question 40

The 12 vertebrae that attach to the 12 ribs; the upper part of the back.

Answer 40

thoracic spine

Question 41

The superficial landmarks on the body that serve as location guides to the structures that lie beneath them.

Answer 41

topographic anatomy

Question 42

The bone on the little-finger side of the forearm.

Answer 42

ulna

Question 43

The 33 bones of the spinal column: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 4 coccygeal.

Answer 43

vertebrae

Question 44

The flexible cartilage at the lower tip of the sternum.

Answer 44

xiphoid process