Chapter 6: The Human Body

Question 1

Define anatomy

Answer 1

The study of the structure of an organism, such as the human body.

Question 2

define physiology

Answer 2

The study of the normal functions of an organism, such as the human body.

Question 3

Define cells

Answer 3

The basic building blocks of the body.

Question 4

Define tissues

Answer 4

Cells that cluster together to perform a specialized function

Question 5

Define organ

Answer 5

Made up of at least two different types of tissue that work together to perform a particular function.

Question 6

Define vital organs

Answer 6

Organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs that are essential for life.

Question 7

Define organ (body) systems

Answer 7

made up of tissues and organs that work together to provide a common function.

Question 8

What are the major organ systems of the body?

Answer 8

Skeletal
Muscular
Respiratory
Circulatory
Nervous
Integumentary
Digestive
Endocrine
Reproductive
Urinary

Question 9

Define homeostasis and give an example

Answer 9

A constant internal environment.

An example would be constant body temperature.

Question 10

Define body cavity

Answer 10

A hollow space in the body that contains internal organs.

Question 11

What is the name of the body cavity located in the head?

Answer 11

The cranial cavity

Question 12

Extends from the bottom of the skull to the lower back and includes what organ?

Answer 12

The spinal cavity includes the spinal cord.

Question 13

The central nervous system includes what organs?

Answer 13

Brain and spinal cord

Question 14

The thoracic (chest) cavity includes what organs?

Answer 14

Heart, major blood vessels, and lungs

Question 15

Pericardial cavity

Answer 15

Surrounds the heart

Question 16

Pleural cavities

Answer 16

Surround the lungs

Question 17

Abdominal cavity

Answer 17

Contains the stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen.

Question 18

Pelvic cavity

Answer 18

Contains the urinary bladder, part of the large intestines, and reproductive organs.

Question 19

The right upper quadrant (RUQ) contains which organs?

Answer 19

Liver, gallbladder, portions of the stomach, and major blood vessels.

Question 20

Left upper quadrant (LUQ)

Answer 20

Contains the stomach, spleen, and pancreas.

Question 21

Right lower quadrant (RLQ)

Answer 21

Contains the appendix.

Question 22

Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

Answer 22

Contains the intestines

Question 23

What are the functions of the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 23

Gives the human body it’s shape and ability to move and protects the major organs of the body.

Question 24

Axial skeleton

Answer 24

Part of the skeleton that includes the skull, spinal column, sternum, and ribs

Question 25

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 25

Includes upper and lower extremities (arms & legs), shoulder girdle, and pelvic girdle.

Question 26

How are bones classified? Give an example of each

Answer 26

``` By their shape and size—long, short, flat, and irregular. Long: humerus of the upper arm Short: carpal bones of the hand Flat: shoulder blade (scapula) Irregular: vertebrae ```

Question 27

Name the bones of the skull

Answer 27

Frontal (forehead) bone Two parietal (top sides of cranium) bones Two temporal (lower sides of cranium) bones Occipital (back of skull) bones Sphenoid (central part of floor of cranium) bone Ethmoid (floor of cranium, nasal septum) bone

Question 28

Name the bones of the face

Answer 28

``` Orbits (eye sockets) Nasal bones (upper bridge of nose) Maxilla (upper jaw) Mandible (lower jaw) Zygomatic bones (cheekbones auditory ossicles ```

Question 29

Describe the structure of the vertebral column (spine)

Answer 29

The spine is made up of 32-33 vertebrae. The vertebral column is made of 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 fused, and 3-4 vertebrae that form the coccyx.

Question 30

What is the purpose of the muscles?

Answer 30

``` Muscles: Gives the body shape Protect internal organs Provide for movement of the body Maintain posture Help stabilize joints Produce body heat ```

Question 31

What is the difference between skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles?

Answer 31

Skeletal muscles: move the skeleton and are voluntary because you can determine how they move Smooth muscle: moves food through the digestive tract, controls blood flow, and is involuntary because you cannot control its movement. Cardiac muscle: found in the walls of the heart and produces the heart's contractions and pumps blood.

Question 32

What is the purpose of tendons?

Answer 32

Strong cords of connective tissue firmly attach the end of a muscle to a bone.

Question 33

What is the purpose of ligaments

Answer 33

Tough groups of connective tissue that attach bones to bones and bones to cartilages.

Question 34

What is the function of the respiratory system?

Answer 34

Supplies oxygen from the air we breathe to the body's cells.

Question 35

What is the anatomy and function of the upper airways?

Answer 35

Made up of the nose, pharynx, throat, and the larynx | The upper airways are where air enters the body.

Question 36

What is the anatomy of the lower airways?

Answer 36

Made up of the airway and lungs

Question 37

What is the pathway of the respiratory system?

Answer 37

Nose-->Nasal cavities-->Pharynx-->Larynx