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NSC EMT Entrance Exam > Chapter 6: The Human Body > Flashcards

Chapter 6: The Human Body Flashcards

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1
Q

Define anatomy

A

The study of the structure of an organism, such as the human body.

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2
Q

define physiology

A

The study of the normal functions of an organism, such as the human body.

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3
Q

Define cells

A

The basic building blocks of the body.

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4
Q

Define tissues

A

Cells that cluster together to perform a specialized function

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5
Q

Define organ

A

Made up of at least two different types of tissue that work together to perform a particular function.

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6
Q

Define vital organs

A

Organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs that are essential for life.

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7
Q

Define organ (body) systems

A

made up of tissues and organs that work together to provide a common function.

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8
Q

What are the major organ systems of the body?

A 
Skeletal
Muscular
Respiratory
Circulatory
Nervous
Integumentary
Digestive
Endocrine
Reproductive
Urinary
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9
Q

Define homeostasis and give an example

A

A constant internal environment.

An example would be constant body temperature.

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10
Q

Define body cavity

A

A hollow space in the body that contains internal organs.

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11
Q

What is the name of the body cavity located in the head?

A

The cranial cavity

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12
Q

Extends from the bottom of the skull to the lower back and includes what organ?

A

The spinal cavity includes the spinal cord.

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13
Q

The central nervous system includes what organs?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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14
Q

The thoracic (chest) cavity includes what organs?

A

Heart, major blood vessels, and lungs

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15
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

Surrounds the heart

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16
Q

Pleural cavities

A

Surround the lungs

17
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Contains the stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen.

18
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

Contains the urinary bladder, part of the large intestines, and reproductive organs.

19
Q

The right upper quadrant (RUQ) contains which organs?

A

Liver, gallbladder, portions of the stomach, and major blood vessels.

20
Q

Left upper quadrant (LUQ)

A

Contains the stomach, spleen, and pancreas.

21
Q

Right lower quadrant (RLQ)

A

Contains the appendix.

22
Q

Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

A

Contains the intestines

23
Q

What are the functions of the musculoskeletal system?

A

Gives the human body it’s shape and ability to move and protects the major organs of the body.

24
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Part of the skeleton that includes the skull, spinal column, sternum, and ribs

25
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Includes upper and lower extremities (arms & legs), shoulder girdle, and pelvic girdle.

26
Q

How are bones classified? Give an example of each

A 
By their shape and size—long, short, flat, and irregular.
Long: humerus of the upper arm
Short: carpal bones of the hand
Flat: shoulder blade (scapula)
Irregular: vertebrae
27
Q

Name the bones of the skull

A

Frontal (forehead) bone
Two parietal (top sides of cranium) bones
Two temporal (lower sides of cranium) bones
Occipital (back of skull) bones
Sphenoid (central part of floor of cranium) bone
Ethmoid (floor of cranium, nasal septum) bone

28
Q

Name the bones of the face

A 
Orbits (eye sockets)
Nasal bones (upper bridge of nose)
Maxilla (upper jaw)
Mandible (lower jaw)
Zygomatic bones (cheekbones
auditory ossicles
29
Q

Describe the structure of the vertebral column (spine)

A

The spine is made up of 32-33 vertebrae. The vertebral column is made of 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 fused, and 3-4 vertebrae that form the coccyx.

30
Q

What is the purpose of the muscles?

A 
Muscles:
Gives the body shape
Protect internal organs
Provide for movement of the body
Maintain posture
Help stabilize joints
Produce body heat
31
Q

What is the difference between skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles?

A

Skeletal muscles: move the skeleton and are voluntary because you can determine how they move

Smooth muscle: moves food through the digestive tract, controls blood flow, and is involuntary because you cannot control its movement.

Cardiac muscle: found in the walls of the heart and produces the heart’s contractions and pumps blood.

32
Q

What is the purpose of tendons?

A

Strong cords of connective tissue firmly attach the end of a muscle to a bone.

33
Q

What is the purpose of ligaments

A

Tough groups of connective tissue that attach bones to bones and bones to cartilages.

34
Q

What is the function of the respiratory system?

A

Supplies oxygen from the air we breathe to the body’s cells.

35
Q

What is the anatomy and function of the upper airways?

A

Made up of the nose, pharynx, throat, and the larynx

The upper airways are where air enters the body.

36
Q

What is the anatomy of the lower airways?

A

Made up of the airway and lungs

37
Q

What is the pathway of the respiratory system?

A

Nose–>Nasal cavities–>Pharynx–>Larynx

NSC EMT Entrance Exam (1 decks)

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