Chapter 6- SOLUTIONS

Question 0

Vapor pressure

Answer 0

Pressure exerted by the vapor at equilibrium

Question 1

Boiling Point of a liquid

Answer 1

The temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure

Question 2

Hydrogen Bonding

Answer 2

It’s a special type of dipole dipole attraction, it’s a very strong intermolecular attraction with molecules of hydrogen bonded directly to F, O, N

Question 3

Amorphous solid

Answer 3

No organized structure

Question 4

What is a solution

Answer 4

A homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances

Question 5

What is a solute

Answer 5

Lesser quantity than the solvent

Question 6

True solution

Answer 6

A homogenous mixture with uniform properties throughout

Question 7

Electrolytes are typically what?

Answer 7

Ionic compounds

Question 8

Nonelectrolytes are

Answer 8

Formed from non dissociating molecular solutes

Question 9

Pure substances

Answer 9

Have only one component (water)

Question 10

True solution

Answer 10

Contains more than one substance, with tiny particles homogeneously intermingled

Question 11

Colloidal suspension

Answer 11

Consists of solute particles dispersed throughout a dispersing medium

Question 12

Tyndall effect

Answer 12

The light scattering ability of colloidal suspension

True solutions don’t scatter light
Makes liquid seem hazy

Question 13

Solubility rule:

Answer 13

Like dissolves like

Question 14

Saturated solution

Answer 14

Contains all the solute that can be dissolved at a certain temp

Question 15

What happens if a saturated solution is cooled down?

Answer 15

The amount of solute that a solution can hold decreases and the excess solute that comes out is a precipitate

Question 16

When a solute is added to a solvent what happens

Answer 16

It begins to dissolve and continues to dissolve until a dynamic equilibrium is reached.

When a solution is saturated that is when the solution is in equilibrium

Question 17

Henry’s law

Answer 17

States that the number of moles of a gas dissolved in a liquid at a given temp is proportional to the pressure of that gas in the atmosphere that is contact with the liquid

Question 18

Gases are most soluble at

Answer 18

Low temps

Question 19

Concentration

Answer 19

The amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solution
Has an impact on:
Physical properties (melting and boiling points)
Chemical (solution reactivity)

Question 20

Mass/Volume %

Answer 20

Amount of solute (grams) / amount of solution (mL)

Question 21

Molarity (M)

Answer 21

The most common mole based concentration unit

Moles of solute / Liter of solution

Question 22

Dilution

Answer 22

Required to prepare a less concentrated solution from a more concentrated one

M1V1 = M2V2

Question 23

M1V1 = M2V2

Answer 23

M1= molarity of solution before dilution
V1= volume of solution before dilution
M2 = molarity of solution after dilution
V2 = volume of solution after dilution

Question 24

Raoults Law

Answer 24

States that when a nonvolatile solute is added to a solvent the vapor pressure of the solvent decreases in proportion to the concentration of the solute

Question 25

Freezing point depression

Answer 25

Proportional to the number of solute particles

Question 26

Boiling point elevation

Answer 26

As temperature at which vapor pressure of the liquid equals the atmospheric pressure

Question 27

An electrolyte will affect boiling point to a greater/lesser degree than a non electrolyte?

Answer 27

Greater

Question 28

Molality

Answer 28

Moles of solutes / kg of solvent

Question 29

Osmosis

Answer 29

The movement of solvent from a dilute solution to a more concentrate solution through a semipermeable membrane

Question 30

Crenation

Answer 30

Collapse of a Cell

Question 31

Electrolytes of a solution

Answer 31

2 common ways of expressing concentration of an ion in solution:

Moles per liter (molarity)
Equivalents per liter (eq/L)

Question 32

How to find eq/L

Answer 32

It is the number of charges on the ion divided by the liter

Ex) CO3 has a 2 charge