Chapter 6: SOCIOEMOTIONAL DVLP. IN INFANCY

Question 1

Researchers conclude that the _________ immaturity of the infant brain makes it unlikely that emotions which require thought can be experienced in the first year.
Group of answer choices

behavioral

emotional

structural

cognitive

Answer 1

structural

Question 2

Stranger anxiety usually emerges gradually. It appears at about ______, and peaks at about _______.
Group of answer choices

6 months, 9 months

6 months, 12 months

6 months, 15 months

9 months, 12 months

Answer 2

6 months, 12 months

Question 3

For the average infant, social smiles begin to appear at
9 months.
7 months.
2 months.
4 weeks.

Answer 3

2 months.

Question 3

Baby Joshua lets out a long initial cry followed by an extended period of breath holding. This pattern can best be described as a (an):
basic cry.
negative affectivity.
anger cry.
pain cry.

Answer 3

pain cry.

Question 4

Which set of descriptors is associated with a famous study of infant temperament?

positive and negative affectivity
easy child, difficult child, and slow-to-warm-up child
secure, insecure, and disorganized
anger cry, basic cry, and pain cry

Answer 4

easy child, difficult child, and slow-to-warm-up child

Question 5

Baby Elizabeth has a low activity level, is somewhat negative, and displays a low intensity of mood. She would best be described as

slow to warm up.
difficult.
sociable.
easy.

Answer 5

slow to warm up.

Question 6

__________ refers to the match between a child’s temperament and the environmental demands the child must cope with.
Attachment
Goodness of fit
Emotional regulation
Stranger anxiety

Answer 6

Goodness of fit

Question 6

An inhibited temperament is associated with

high and stable heart rate, high level of cortisol, and high activity in the right frontal lobe.
high and stable heart rate, high level of cortisol, and low activity in the right frontal lobe.
low and stable heart rate, low level of cortisol, and low activity in the right frontal lobe.
low and stable heart rate, high level of cortisol, and high activity in the right frontal lobe.

Answer 6

high and stable heart rate, high level of cortisol, and high activity in the right frontal lobe.

Question 7

Which of the following researchers did NOT study attachment?

Sheila Kamerman
John Bowlby
Mary Ainsworth
Harry Harlow

Answer 7

Sheila Kamerman

Question 7

According to Bowlby, in which phase do infants develop specific attachments?
phase 1
phase 2
phase 3
phase 4

Answer 7

phase 3

Question 8

Mai uses her mother as a secure base from which to explore her environment. Which type of baby would she be classified as?
disorganized
insecure resistant
securely attached
insecure avoidant

Answer 8

securely attached

Question 9

Which caregiving style is related to the insecure resistant style of attachment in infants?
inconsistently available and usually not affectionate
neglectful or physically abusive
sensitivity to baby’s needs and consistently available to meet them
unavailable or rejecting

Answer 9

inconsistently available and usually not affectionate

Question 10

The principle of reciprocal socialization suggests that parents __________ socialize children and children __________ socialize parents.

do; do
do not; do not
do; do not
do not; do

Answer 10

do; do

Question 11

__________ is parental behavior that supports children’s efforts, allowing them to be more skillful than they would be if they were to rely solely on their own abilities.
Attachment
Reciprocal socialization
MAX
Scaffolding

Answer 11

Scaffolding

Question 12

Which country has the most extensive family leave policy for new parents?

Sweden
the United States
China
Australia

Answer 12

Sweden

Question 13

Regarding gender differences in parental caregiving, which of the following statements is TRUE?
Correct!

Maternal interactions usually center on child-care activities.
Mothers engage in more rough-and-tumble play with their infants.
Infants consistently demonstrate a preference for the mother.
Paternal interactions are less likely to include play.

Answer 13

Maternal interactions usually center on child-care activities.

Question 14

In a recent study on child care, conducted by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, which of the following was found to be FALSE?

Infants in more than 10 hours per week of day care demonstrated lower levels of attachment to their mothers.

Child-care quality was linked with fewer child-care problems.

Quality of care included things such as group size and child–adult ratio.

Infants from low-income families were more likely to receive low-quality child care than their high-income counterparts.

Answer 14

Infants in more than 10 hours per week of day care demonstrated lower levels of attachment to their mothers.