Chapter 6: Socialization and Interaction

Question 1

what is resocialization?

Answer 1

it involves breaking down and rebuilding a person’s behaviour, values, norms, and beliefs

Question 2

what is socialization?

Answer 2

the process an individual goes through to learn the norms and behaviours expected of them in a culture. develops our sense of self. shapes who you are through interactions.

Question 3

who you are is a result of…

Answer 3

your biology and your socialization

Question 4

what is a feral child?

Answer 4

a child that has grown up with little to no human contact

Question 5

socialization and interaction are required for what?

Answer 5

reaching our full human potential and fully develop our sense of self and identity

Question 6

define self

Answer 6

a relatively stable sense of who we are

Question 7

what is the looking-glass self

Answer 7

our sense of self is rooted in how we think others see us and respond to us. I am not what I think I am, and I am not what you think I am, I am what I think you think I am.

Question 8

identify and describe the three steps of the looking-glass self

Answer 8

• the imagination of our appearance to the other person
• the imagination of the other person’s judgement of that appearance
• some sort of feeling like pride or modification

Question 9

what are the five stages of the development of the self

Answer 9

imitation - children below the age of 3 imitate actions

role-taking - children ages 3-5 role-play different people (playing house)

game - children over the age of 7 engage in games that take on several roles at once

generalized other - point where children begin to understand themselves outside of their family

Question 10

what are ‘agents of socialization’?

Answer 10

the groups that play a role in socializing a person

Question 11

who are ‘agents of primary socialization’ and what do they teach us?

Answer 11

they are our family and they teach children basic values and norms, they kickstart their development

Question 12

who are ‘agents of secondary socialization’

Answer 12

peers, media, school

Question 13

what role do schools play in socialization?

Answer 13

they reinforce shared norms and values and enforce expectations for behaviour in society

Question 14

who are peer groups?

Answer 14

people that we share similar interests, age, backgrounds, and social positions with. it emerges during late childhood and early adolescence

Question 15

what does media do as an agent of socialization?

Answer 15

transmits culture and social heritage, conveys social norms and expectations, and encourages people to socialize themselves

Question 16

what is self-socialization?

Answer 16

the process of shaping our social development. a form of self-reflection where people develop their identity, set goals, pursue interests and take actions to alter or create their identity. it is the exploration, the development, and crystallization of identity, and the persuit of interests

Question 17

what is anticipatory socialization?

Answer 17

the process of adopting norms and behaviours in preparation for future roles we aspire to. acquiring the skills, norms, behaviours, values, and mannerisms of the role

Question 18

self and anticipatory socialization is characterized by what?

Answer 18

thoughtfulness and reflection, making decisions, shaping our development, setting goals, or aspiring to roles

Question 19

what are total institutions (include examples)

Answer 19

settings that isolate people from wider society and regulate all aspects of their life. for example, boarding school, miliratoes, prisons

Question 20

what are the four key features of a total institution?

Answer 20

1) all aspects of life are carried out in the same place
2) daily activities are carried out with the same people that are treated similarly
3) day-to-day routines are highly regulated
4) all activities are designed to fulfil the goals of the institution

Question 21

what does the resocialization process begin with?

Answer 21

stripping individuals of their identity and connection to the outside world

Question 22

what do social scripts do?

Answer 22

help shape our identity and sense of self and set expectations for our behaviour

Question 23

what are the two main features that explain how social scripts shape interactions?

Answer 23

status and roles

Question 24

define status

Answer 24

the social position that someone occupies in a certain context. can be based on social class, attractiveness, occupation, race, etc. it can be assigned at birth or something you fall into involuntarily or something you achieve

Question 25

what is a status set

Answer 25

a collection of social statuses held by an individual

Question 26

master status

Answer 26

a status that overpowers all other status’ and becomes a central feature of a person’s identity

Question 27

define roles

Answer 27

behaviours expected of a person that occupies a particular status

Question 28

what is role distancing

Answer 28

separate someone’s identity from the role they play

Question 29

role conflict vs role strain

Answer 29

role conflict occurs across various roles, while role strain occurs within a single role. role conflict is when our roles create incompatible demands. role strain is the difficulty of fulfilling the obligation of a single role

Question 30

what are the two key components of identity?

Answer 30

1) your personal identity; who you are
2) your social identity; what groups or institutions you belong to

Question 31

what does a core self imply?

Answer 31

implies that we possess a relatively stable version of ourselves that emerges in most situations

Question 32

what is the contrasting idea to a core self?

Answer 32

that we have multiple selves that fluctuate based on context, group, or our goals for the interaction

Question 33

what produces a cyber-me

Answer 33

the reaction we get from people online

Question 34

what is identity tourism?

Answer 34

assume alter egos that my be of different race/gender

Question 34

what is social order and how is it reinforced?

Answer 34

social order is rules involved in interactions. they are reinforced every time we interact or converse with one another

Question 34

what is the halo effect?

Answer 34

it is when our initial impression of someone causes bias in our assessments of their other features

Question 35

what is ethnomethodology?

Answer 35

it is the study of how people produce social order through interaction. it seeks to understand the meanings people give to everyday social situations

Question 36

what are breaching experiments?

Answer 36

the deliberate violations of commonly held norms

Question 37

current selects vs adjacency

Answer 37

1) person speaking determines who speaks next
2) what happens in a conversation determines what happens next