Chapter 6 - Social Deviance

Question 1

Social deviance

Answer 1

Any transgression of socially established norms

Question 2

Street crime

Answer 2

Crime committed in public and often associated with violence, gangs, and poverty.

Question 3

White-collar crime

Answer 3

Offense committed by a professional (or professionals) against a corporation, agency, or other institution.

Question 4

Deterrence theory

Answer 4

Philosophy of criminal justice arising from the notion that crime results from a rational calculation of its costs and benefits

Question 5

Recidivism

Answer 5

When an individual who has been involved with the criminal justice system reverts to criminal behavior.

Question 6

Total institutions

Answer 6

An institution in which one is totally immersed and that controls all the basics of day-to-day life; no barriers exist between the usual spheres of daily life, and all activity occurs in the same place and under the same single authority.

Question 7

Broken windows theory of deviance

Answer 7

Theory explaining how social context and social cues impact whether individuals act defiantly; specifically, whether local, informal social norms allow deviant acts.
(Leaving empty car in Bronx and Palo Alto)

Question 8

Primary deviance

Answer 8

The first act of rule breaking that may incur a label of “deviant” and thus influence how people think about and act toward you.

Question 9

Secondary Deviance

Answer 9

Subsequent acts of rule breaking that occur after primary deviance and as a result of your new deviant label and people’s expectations of you.

Question 10

Stigma

Answer 10

A negative social label that not only changes others’ behavior toward a person but also alter that person’s own self-concept and social identity.

Question 11

Labeling theory

Answer 11

The beliefs that individuals subconsciously notice how others see or label them, and their reactions to those labels, over time, form the basis of their self-identity.

Question 12

Symbolic interactions am

Answer 12

Micro-level theory in which shared meanings, orientations, and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people’s actions.

Question 13

Rebel

Answer 13

Individual that rejects both traditional goals and traditional means and wants to alter or destroy the social institution from which he or she is alienated.

Question 14

Retreating

Answer 14

One who rejects both socially acceptable means and goals by completely retreating from, or not participating in society.

Question 15

Innovator

Answer 15

Social deviant who accepts socially acceptable goals but rejects socially acceptable means to achieve them.

Question 16

Ritualistic

Answer 16

Individual who rejects socially defined goals but not the means

Question 17

Conformist

Answer 17

Individual who accepts traditional goals and means

Question 18

Strain theory

Answer 18

Merton’s theory that deviance occurs when a society does not give all its members equal ability to achieve socially acceptable goals.

Question 19

Fatalistic suicide

Answer 19

Suicide that occurs as a result of too much social regulation (monotony)

Question 20

Anomie

Answer 20

A sense of aimlessness or despair that rises when we can no longer reasonably expect life to be predictable, too little social regulation.

Question 21

Atomic suicide

Answer 21

Suicide that occurs as a result of insufficient social regulation (no direction in life).

Question 22

Altruistic suicide

Answer 22

Suicide that occurs when one experiences too much social integration (feels meaningless with social recognition from particular group)

Question 23

Egotistic suicide

Answer 23

Suicide that occurs when one is not well integrated into a social group.

Question 24

Social control

Answer 24

Those mechanisms that create normative compliance in individuals.

Question 25

Organic solidarity

Answer 25

Social cohesion based on difference and interdependence of the parts. ( modern society )

Question 26

Mechanical/segmental solidarity

Answer 26

Social cohesion based on sameness (farmers)