Chapter 6 - Semantic roles

Question 1

Core grammatical relations

Answer 1

AGENT, THEME, FORCE, INSTRUMENT, EXPERIENCER, PATIENT, RECIPIENT, and GOAL

Question 2

Oblique phrases

Answer 2

LOCATION, DIRECTION, SETTING, PURPOSE, TIME, MANNER

Question 3

Agent

Answer 3

the typically animate perceived instigator of the action

Question 4

Force

Answer 4

an entity that instigates an action, but not consciously or voluntarily

Question 5

Patient

Answer 5

undergoes a visible, physical change in state

Question 6

Theme

Answer 6

a participant that moves, or is the locus of an action or property that does not undergo a change

Question 7

Instrument

Answer 7

something that causes an action indirectly. Normally an agent acts upon an instrument and the instrument accomplishes the action

Question 8

Experiencer

Answer 8

neither controls nor is visibly affected by an action. Prototypically and experiencer is an entity that receives a sensory impression

Question 9

Recipient & goal

Answer 9

typically animate destination of some moving object. A goal is simply the endpoint of a trajectory of motion

Question 10

Intransitive verbs

Answer 10

Verbs whose meanings evoke scenes that only require one participant

Question 11

Intransitive clauses

Answer 11

clauses whose argument structure requires only one noun phrase

Question 12

States

Answer 12

situations in the discourse world in which there is no change, and no action

Question 13

Progressive construction

Answer 13

the construction that involves the auxiliary verb be plus another verb with the suffix -ing

Question 14

Stative clauses

Answer 14

require only one participant, since there is no action to transfer from one participant to another, though there may be a second, non-affected participant

Question 15

Process

Answer 15

a situation that involves change over time. Processes can be either involuntary or voluntary

Question 16

Motion

Answer 16

all expressions of motion involve a THEME (a thing that moves), and an expressed or implied PATH along which the THEME moves. The path may be specified in terms of starting point, the ending point, both starting and ending points, or neither. It may simply be implied. Motion can also involve a MANNER in which the motion is accomplished

Question 17

Translational motion

Answer 17

motion from one place to another

Question 18

Actions

Answer 18

situations that are initiated by some conscious or unconscious force, but do not necessarily involve an affected participant

Question 19

Action processes

Answer 19

situations initiated by some conscious or unconscious force, and which affect a distinct PATIENT

Question 20

Production verbs

Answer 20

those that describe the coming into existence of some entity, e.g., build, ignite, form, create, make, gather

Question 21

Cognizer

Answer 21

main participant of a cognition verb

Question 22

Verbs of cognition

Answer 22

express such concepts as know, think, understand

Question 23

Sensation verbs

Answer 23

express concepts involving the senses

Question 24

Manipulation verbs

Answer 24

prototypically express concepts that involve physical or rhetorical force to get someone to do something

Question 25

Forms of English verbs

Answer 25

The bare form: walk go
The -s form: walks goes
The past tense: walked went
The past participle: walked gone
The present participle: walking going